History of Education: After the Civil War

1. History of Education: After the Civil War Chapter 5A - Foundations

2. Freedmen’s Bureau • Offered food, medicine, and seed • Secured legal rights • Created educational opportunities • With hundreds of Northern teachers going south to help the freed slaves

3. 1867 • Congress created a Department of Education • Henry Barnard was appointed the director • Collected statistics and facts on education • To promote universal education

4. Early 20th Century • Public school facilities and instruction were criticized • Beginning of scientific research in teaching and learning • An increase in the testing for abilities • Magazines, newspapers, and radio shaped public opinion • Public was able to get news more quickly and in larger amounts

5. 1950’s & 1960’s 1950’s - Racial segregation in schools was made unconstitutional 1960’s - federal government influenced education with money, legislation, and ideology - aid given to schools serving children of low income families

6. 1960’s (continued) • - legislation guaranteeing racial and gender equity • - new entitlement for students with disabilities • - began bilingual and bi-cultural programs • - began career education programs

7. 1965 • Elementary & Secondary Education Act (ESEA) • Made the federal government the policy maker for schools • Allocated money for poverty programs, textbooks, school libraries, teaching aids, remedial instruction, counseling, and health services

8. 1980’s • Returned power and financial responsibility for education programs to states and localities • Decrease in federal money; but an increase in educational reform

9. 21st Century • Trying to improve educational practice through performance standards • And by setting higher academic standards