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MONGOLS

MONGOLS. Mongolian Steppes. Mongol Warriors. Mongol Archer. The MONGOLS. Temujin  Genghis Khan  Chinggis Khan [“Universal Ruler”] 1162 - 1227 from the steppe. The MONGOLS [“Golden Horde”]. Genghis Khan’s Tax Laws: If you do not pay homage, we will take your prosperity.

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MONGOLS

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  1. MONGOLS

  2. Mongolian Steppes

  3. Mongol Warriors

  4. Mongol Archer

  5. The MONGOLS • TemujinGenghis Khan Chinggis Khan[“Universal Ruler”] • 1162 - 1227 • from the steppe

  6. The MONGOLS [“Golden Horde”] • Genghis Khan’s Tax Laws: • If you do not pay homage, we will take your prosperity. • If you do not have prosperity, we will take your children. • If you do not have children, we will take your wife. • If you do not have a wife, we will take your head. • Used cruelty as a weapon --> some areas never recovered from Mongol destruction!

  7. Chinggis Khan and the Mongol Empire • Unified Mongol tribes • Mongol rule was generally tolerant. • Mongol heirs divide empire into four regions

  8. Mongol Nobleman, late 13c

  9. The Extent of the Mongol Empire

  10. Yuan (Mongol) Dynasty, 1279-1368 C.E. • Kublai Khan [r. 1260-1294] • Tolerated Chinese culture • No Chinese in top govt. posts. • Encouraged foreign trade • Marco Polo

  11. MONGOL ADVANTAGES

  12. Mongol Empires after Chinggis Khan • Khubilai Khan rules Yuan Dynasty in China • Conquest of China • Mongol rule in China • Mongol Social Policies • Mongols in S.W. and Central Asia • Captured Baghdad in 1258 • Lands fell to the Ilkhanate of Persia; Khanate Of Chaghadai • The Mongol Impact on Europe and the Islamic World • Altered military organization • Gunpowder • Facilitated trade

  13. Mongols and Europe • Russia in Bondage • Russia = Khanate of the Golden Horde • Tartars= Mongols in Russia • Russian princes became tribute-payers. • Alexander Neveski aided Mongols • Rise of Moscow • Moscow profited as tribute collector • Ivan the Great

  14. FOUR MONGOL EMPIRES

  15. The Mongols and Eurasia • Results of Mongols Conquests • Largest land empire • Peace and prosperity • Forced innovation • Mongols were a tribute empire • The Mongols and trade • Made trade safe • Diplomatic missions • maintained diplomatic communications • Established relations with Korea, Vietnam, India, Europe

  16. Exchanges During the Mongol Era

  17. Decline of the Mongols in Persia and China • Major Reason for Decline • too few in number • rule resented • Collapse of the Persian Ikhanate • Excessive spending, overexploitation reduced revenues • Intermarriage • Last ruler died without an heir; the Ilkhanate collapsed • Decline of the Yuan dynasty • Paper money issued by the Mongol rulers lost value • Power struggles, assassinations, civil war after 1320s • Surviving Mongol khanates • The khanate of Chaghatai continued in central Asia • Golden Horde survived until the mid-sixteenth century

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