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Cardiovascular system

Cardiovascular system. System Pulmonary-blood to and from lungs Systemic-blood to and from body Coronary-blood to and from heart muscle Vessels Arteries (efferent)-carry blood away from the heart Veins (afferent)-carry blood to the heart

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Cardiovascular system

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  1. Cardiovascular system • System • Pulmonary-blood to and from lungs • Systemic-blood to and from body • Coronary-blood to and from heart muscle • Vessels • Arteries (efferent)-carry blood away from the heart • Veins (afferent)-carry blood to the heart • Capillaries-exchange gas and nutrients from blood to tissue, inbetween arteries and veins

  2. Anatomy of Heart • Myocardium-cardiac (Heart) muscle • Left Ventricle-pumps blood to systemic system • Right Ventricle-pumps blood to pulmonary system • Left Atrium-collects blood from pulmonary system • Right atrium- collects blood from systemic system • Flow of blood • Both atriums drop blood into corresponding ventricle • Left ventriclebodyright atriumright ventriclelungsleft atriumleft ventriclebody

  3. Physiology of heart • Heart beats about 75 times per minute • Intrinsic conduction system • Node cells- determine rate of contraction • Sinoatrial node (SA node)-pacemaker, pass signal to AV node • Atrioventricular node (AV)-between atrium and ventricals, delays signal then contracts Ventricle

  4. Fibrillation-uncoordinated shuddering of heart • Myocardial Infarction-heart attack due to blockage of coronary system • Cardiac output-amount of blood pumped by each side of heart in one minute • Heart rate X stroke volume (amount of blood pumped by ventricle per contraction) • 75 beats/min X 70 ml/beat =5250 ml/mi • Starling’s law • Critical to stretch heart muscles • Stretch heart muscle by venous return • Slow heart beat (more time to fill ventricles) • Exercise (speed up venous return) • Sympathetic Nervous system-speeds up heart beat • Parasympathetic-slow heart beat

  5. Heart sounds • Systole-contraction of ventricles • Diastole- relaxation of ventricles • Lubb-closing of AV valves • Dubb-closing of semilunar valves • Murmers-unusual heart sound (swishing), due to improper closing of valve

  6. Physiology of Circulation • Pulse-expansion and recoil of artery following contraction • Blood pressure-pressure exerted on walls of vessels (120/80) • Systolic pressure-pressure at peak of contraction (120) • Diastolic pressure-pressure when ventricles relax (expanded) • Change in blood pressure • increased cardiac output

  7. Peripheral resistance-amount of friction encountered by blood as it flows through vessels • Constricting of vessels • Increased blood viscosity • Age, weight, time of day, body position, emotional state, drugs, food. • Neural factors-sympathetic nervous system, vasoconstriction (bleeding) increase BP due to bleeding • Renal Factors (kidneys)-retain water, increase BP, Renin-enzyme that controls sodium in blood, which is followed by water

  8. Temperature-cold is vasoconstrictor • Chemicals • Epinephrine-increases heart rate • Nicotine-vasoconstrictor • Alcohol-vasodilator • Histamine-vasodilator • Diet-diets low in salts, fats, cholesterol, prevent high blood pressure • Hypotension-low blood pressure • Systolic below 100mm Hg, associated with healthy life style • Hypertension-high blood pressure • 140/90

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