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GOOD MORNING

GOOD MORNING. ANATOMY. Anatatemnein- cut apart or dissect It is a branch of natural science dealing with the structural organization of living things or It is the science of the structure and function of human body or

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GOOD MORNING

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  1. GOOD MORNING

  2. ANATOMY • Anatatemnein- cut apart or dissect • It is a branch of natural science dealing with the structural organization of living things or • It is the science of the structure and function of human body or • It is the study of the structure of body and relationship of its constituent parts to each other

  3. Anatomy can be divided into biological processes A) Gross Anatomy: It is the study of structures that can be examined without the use of a microscope or It the study of the body structures by dissecting the cadaver systematically

  4. SURFACE ANATOMY It deals with the marking of the deeper structures of the skin and those hidden by it or It is the study of the forms and markings on the surface of the body

  5. SYSTEMIC ANATOMY • It is the study of the specific systems of the body. • Ex: Nervous, Reproductive & Circulatory

  6. REGIONAL ANATOMY • It is the study of a specific region of the body Ex: Head, Chest

  7. SURGICAL ANATOMY

  8. DEVELOPMENTAL ANATOMY • It is the study of development of a human from zygote to the adult form. It forms the basis for understanding structures, functions of adult human body and also provides information of anatomical basis of congenital anomalies

  9. EMBRYOLOGY • It is the study of development from zygote (fertilized egg) to 9th week in utero.

  10. PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY It is the study of the structural changes associated with the disease.

  11. MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY(HISTOLOGY) It deals with the details of the structures that are not visible to the naked eye by using instrument- Microscope or It is the microscopic study of the structure of a tissue.

  12. CYTOLOGY It is the microscopic study of the cell structure

  13. RADIOGRAPHIC ANATOMY • It is the study of the structure of human body utilizing X-rays • It is the study of the internal organs by using the radiological techniques

  14. MRI CT Scan Ultrasound

  15. Applied anatomy: It deals with the application of the knowledge of anatomy to medial and surgical practices Genetics: It is the study of the chromosomes and genes of human cells. It explains the basis of various inherited diseases.

  16. SYSTEMS OF THE BODY • On the basis of the functions of different structures of human body is divided is divided into various systems. It helps to study the structures and their functions

  17. SKELETAL SYSTEM (Bones & Cartilages)

  18. ARTICULAR SYSTEM (Joints and Ligaments)

  19. There are three different types of muscles in our bodies. Skeletal muscle is attached to our skeletal frames for movement. Straight muscle lines our organs to help with things like food moving through your digestive system. Our hearts are made of the third type of muscle-cardiac muscle

  20. Brain,Spinal cord,Nerves and sensory receptors

  21. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

  22. The lymphatic system maintains fluid balance and serves in protecting the body from disease. Lymphatic organs include the lymph nodes,spleen, thymus gland, tonsils, and Peyer's patches (Peyer's patches are clusters of lymphatic tissue located in the small intestine). The lymphatic network circulates lymph, a liquid which carries out exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes throughout the body between the capillaries and the cells

  23. Lymph nodes also serve to filter foreign particles, damaged cells, and tissue debris; for this reason, they swell during an infection. You might recognize the expression "swollen glands," which refer to the swollen lymph nodes. Lymph nodes are especially numerous in the neck, armpits, and groin

  24. The male reproductive system consists of a group of organs producing and transporting spermatozoa and glandular secretions (semen) to the body surface. The components of the system Organs include 2 testes (primary sex organs), a series of excretory ducts, several male accessory glands and the penis

  25. Female Reproductive system • The female reproductive system provides the egg and the environment necessary for the development of a baby. Once the egg has been fertilized by a single sperm, the new zygote attaches to the wall of the uterus. Development takes about nine months • The average woman releases over 400 eggs in her lifetime

  26. INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

  27. ANATOMICAL POSITION All the descriptions in the body are based on the assumption that A) Person is standing erect or upright B) Eyes look straight to front C) Upper limbs by the side with palms of hand facing forwards D) Feet slightly separated with toes pointing forwards

  28. SUPINE POSITION: Lying down on the back with face directed upwards. PRONE POSITION: Lying down facing the ground

  29. ANATOMICAL PLANES These are the imaginary planes that pass through the body when it is in anatomical position.Various parts of the body are described in relation to these planes. They help in identifying the position of a structure or organs in relation to each other. Median plane: It is an imaginary vertical plane that passes through centre of body from front to back And divides into right and left halves

  30. Coronal plane: It passes through the body at right angles to median plane and divides into anterior and posterior portions. Horizontal plane: It passes at right angle to Median and coronal planes. It divides the body into Upper and lower parts

  31. DIRECTIONAL TERMS SUPERIOR Superior (Cranial) Closer or nearer to crown Of head or towards head Ex: Nose is superior to head Inferior (Caudal) Farther to from crown of head or towards the bottom or feet Ex: Mouth is inferior to nose INFERIOR INFERIOR INFERIOR

  32. Anterior (ventral) Toward or nearer the front surface of body Ex: Sternum is anterior to the spine Posterior (Dorsal) Toward or Nearer the back surface of body Heart is posterior to sternum posterior anterior

  33. Medial: Towards or nearer the midline of body Lateral: Farther or away from the midline of the body

  34. Medial: The heart is medial to the lungs Lateral: The eyes are lateral to the bridge of the nose

  35. TERMS OF COMPARISON Relative to the position of the two structures with each other Proximal and Distal are terms referred to relative distances from roots of limbs Proximal: Closer or nearer to trunk or body Ex: Elbow is proximal To hand

  36. Distal: Further away from trunk or body Ex: Knee is distal to thigh

  37. PALMAR or VOLAR: On Or towards palm of the hand PLANTAR On or towards the sole of foot

  38. Dorsum: Uppermost surface of foot Back of hand

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