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Celiac Disease

Celiac Disease. Joshua Hoang. Definition. Celiac Disease is a digestive condition that is triggered by the intake of gluten which causes damage to the small intestine which results in the intestine inability to absorb nutrients [Bunch (2003)]

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Celiac Disease

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  1. Celiac Disease Joshua Hoang

  2. Definition • Celiac Disease is a digestive condition that is triggered by the intake of gluten which causes damage to the small intestine which results in the intestine inability to absorb nutrients [Bunch (2003)] • It is a tropical infection and is also known as celiac sprue or gluten-induced enteropathy. • Because the body’s own immune system causes the damage CD is classed as an autoimmune disorder • People with CD cannot tolerate gluten, a protein with wheat, rye, barley and possibly oats • Gluten is found mainly in foods but may also be found in products we use every day, such as medicines, and vitamins. CD = Celiac Disease http://semnceliacs.org/pics/nihceliac.gif

  3. History • It was discovered in 250 A.D. by a Greek physician named Areteus of Cappadocia • He defined this disorder as “koiliakos” which meant suffering in the bowels • Francis Adams translated his writings from Greek to English during 1856 for the Sydenham society in England • Francis Adams called it Celiac Disease * bowels = intestines

  4. Causes • The exact cause of CD is unknown • Partly genetic, strongly familial • Most forms of CD are inherited • If someone in your family has CD the chances are 5% to 15% that you may have it as well. • CD cannot be “caught” from another person and may occur at anytime in a person’s life • Sometimes the disease is triggered after surgery, pregnancy, childbirth, viral infections, or severe emotional stress. * Celiac Disease effects 1 in 133 people

  5. Symptoms • The classic symptoms include: • Abdominal cramping • Chronic diarrhea • Anemia • Weight loss • Other symptoms may include: • Bone Pain • Depression • Fatigue • Painful Skin rashes • Delayed Growth * Celiac Disease is associated with a group on genes on Chromosome 6

  6. Symptoms.. • The symptoms may occur as early as when a baby starts eating food • The symptoms may or may not occur in the digestive system. For example, one person might have diarrhea and abdominal pain while another person suffers through depression • A person with CD may or may not even experience any symptoms • If they do experience symptoms they may experience both physical symptoms as well as emotional symptoms http://www.celiac.org/images/img_faceofceliac.jpg

  7. Effects • Normally the small intestine is lined with tiny, hair like projections called villi • The purpose of the villi is to slow the passage of food, and to allow food particles to be captured in among these finger-like villi so that the blood inside the villi can absorb the nutrients in the food http://www.celiac.org/images/img_villi.gif

  8. Effects.. • When people with CD ingest gluten, the villi in the small intestine that are suppose to absorb nutrients from foods are damaged • This is due to an immunological reaction to gluten • Eventually, decreased absorption on nutrients can cause vitamin deficiencies that deprive your own brain peripheral nervous system, bones, liver and other organs of vital nourishment. http://www.bbc.co.uk/food/images/villi_280x90.jpg Here it shows the comparison between normal villi and damaged villi. http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/digestion/stomach/salmonella.jpg

  9. Effects.. 1 3 2 Here you can see damaged villi Here you can see healthy villi in the small intestine Lastly, here is completely damaged villi http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/diseases/facts/glutenallergy.htm

  10. Effects.. • Long term conditions if CD is left untreated: • Lymphoma and adenocarcinoma • These are cancers that can form in the small intestine • Osteoporosis • This is a condition where your bones become weak, brittle, and fragile • This is due to poor calcium absorption • Miscarriage and congenital malformation • Causes neural tube defects in babies • Due to nutrient absorption problems • Short Stature • results when childhood celiac disease prevents nutrient absorption during the years when nutrition is critical to a child’s normal growth and development http://www.soylabs.com/img/osteoporosis.jpg

  11. Diagnosis • Because CD is hereditary, family members of a person with CD may need to be tested • Series of blood tests, x-rays, and a biopsy of the intestinal lining may be required • To confirm a diagnosis a doctor can microscopically examine a small portion of intestinal tissue to check any characteristic damage to the villi http://health.yahoo.com/media/mayoclinic/images/image_popup/intestinal_big.jpg http://www.gcarlson.com/images/villi.jpg

  12. Treatment • Treatment is important because people with CD could develop more complications such as cancer, osteoporosis, and anemia • If CD is left untreated damage to the small intestine can be chronic and life threatening • Currently there is no cure for CD and it remains lifelong • The only treatment for CD is the lifelong adherence to a gluten free diet. • All grain products except rice must be removed from the diet indefinitely • If gluten is removed from the diet, the small intestine will start to heal and overall health improves • Complete healing and regrowth of the villi may take several months in younger people and as long as two to three years in older people. * The Gluten Diet is a lifelong commitment

  13. Future Outlook / Research • A cure for CD is currently trying to be found • Removing all damaging grains from the diet is the most important measure you can take to become healthy. • Current research is under way in a effort to understand the pathogenesis (cause, development, and effects) of CD and is taking place worldwide. • This effort is fuelled by the appreciation that CD represents a unique example of an autoimmune disease • Therefore, scientists view CD as a model to tackle key questions on the pathogenic mechanisms involved in other autoimmune diseases

  14. Reference Page American Academy of Family Physicians. (1998). Detecting Celiac Disease in your Parents. Retrieved April 7, 2007 on the world wide web. <http://www.celiac.org/cd-main.php> Bunch, Byran. (2003). Diseases. (Vol.8 pp 11-12). Grolier Educational. Celiac Sprue Association. (2004). Celiac Disease Defined. Retrieved April 8, 2007 on the world wide web. <http://www.csaceliacs.org> Jane Marie Smith. (2002). Celiac Disease. In Magill’s Medical Guide (Vol. 1 pp 373). California Salem Press Inc. National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse. (2005). Celiac Disease. Retrieved March 23, 2007 on the world wide web. <http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/diseases/pubs/celiac>

  15. Reference Page.. The Online Medical Network. (2006). Celiac Disease. Retrieved February 28, 2007 on the world wide web. <http://www.mdadvice.com/library/symp/illness74.html>

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