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Biological Invasions: D elivering A lien I nvasive S pecies I nventories for E urope

Biological Invasions: D elivering A lien I nvasive S pecies I nventories for E urope. David Roy NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology. A Cane Toad ( Bufo marinus ), an Environmental Disaster. A Ruddy Duck An expensive problem.

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Biological Invasions: D elivering A lien I nvasive S pecies I nventories for E urope

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  1. Biological Invasions: Delivering Alien Invasive Species Inventories for Europe David Roy NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology

  2. A Cane Toad (Bufo marinus), an Environmental Disaster

  3. A Ruddy Duck An expensive problem

  4. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment: Ecosystems and Human Well-being – Synthesis 2005 Bioinvasions in a global context

  5. International standard to assess, report and compare environmental threats DRIVING FORCES Socioeconomic & sociocultural factors PRESSURES Exposure of ecosystems to threat RESPONSES STATES Condition and trend in ecosystem DPSIR Framework IMPACTS Deviation of system from status quo

  6. Socioeconomic driver: Fact or artefact? More to GDP than a single number 500 50 Plants Fish Birds 400 40 Mammals 300 30 Number of alien plant taxa Number of alien vetrebrate taxa 200 20 100 10 0 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 GDP ($ billion) Driving Forces: Economic growth Hulme 2007

  7. Pressures: frequency of introductions An indicator on invasive alien species in Europe – Strategy developed by the SEBI2010 Expert Group

  8. European Environment Agency Nordic Invasive Species Network ALARM Assessing large-scale risk & hazards of invasions CBD Clearing House Mechanism Baltic Sea Alien Species Database Alter-Net Use of LTER sites for invasion monitoring International Organisations European Research Network on Alien Invasive Species EU New Instruments Global Invasive Species Programme Regional Networks EPIDEMIE (FP5 RTD) Mapping plant invasions on Mediterranean islands Atlas of Flora Europaea Austria Czech Republic Eire, Finland Germany Netherlands Poland Switzerland Slovenia, UK 15 EU States + Czech Republic Cyprus, Estonia Israel, Lithuania Malta, Norway Poland, Russia Slovakia Slovenia Atlas of European Breeding Birds LEDA (FP5 RTD) Plant traits of Northwest Europe European Mammal Database BALLAST (FP4 CA) Introductions by ships to European waters Atlas of Amphibians and Reptiles In Europe EU Funded Initiatives Regional Atlases National Atlases National Data States: Pan-European alien inventory DAISIE Inventory of Invasive Species www.europe-aliens.org

  9. States: expertise, data & distributions www.europe-aliens.org

  10. European Alien Species Expertise Registry

  11. European Alien Species Expertise Registry

  12. European Alien Invasive Species Gateway

  13. International standard to assess, report and compare environmental threats DRIVING FORCES Socioeconomic & sociocultural factors PRESSURES Exposure of ecosystems to threat RESPONSES STATES Condition and trend in ecosystem DPSIR Framework IMPACTS Deviation of system from status quo

  14. States: knowledge base of Europe’s aliens The DAISIE inventories: • ~ 10 000 alien species identified • ~ 40 000 invasion events documented: date, country, coastline, pathways and vectors, population status, notes, etc... • ~ 2200 references

  15. DAISIE: Mammals • DAISIE dataset includes records of 428 invasion events occurred in 53 countries • 91 species of alien mammals introduced in the 53 geographical areas • 3 species introduced into Israel not considered => 88 spp • 66 (75%) are not indigenous in Europe, 22 native of at least one European country • Number of introduced species per country varies from 1 to 31 (x=8.07, d.s. 6.46), and number of established species ranges from 1 to 12 (ave=4.9, dev.st. 2.79)

  16. DAISIE: Donor areas for Mammals Geographic origin of alien mammals in Europe (n=50 spp established)

  17. DAISIE: Temporal trends for Mammals Invasion events

  18. DAISIE: Temporal trends for Mammals N. new spp introduced into Europe

  19. DAISIE: Temporal trends for Mammals Invasion rate 1500-1800 1800-1950 2000-2005 1950-2000

  20. DAISIE: Main pathways for Mammals GENERAL DESCRIPTION • Accidental transport • Hunting • Escape from zoos • Escape/release from fur farms • Escape/release of pets • Fauna “improvement”

  21. DAISIE: Biogeography of Mammals Most & least widespread species Spp with established populations in > 10 countries • More important!! • 26 spp established in 1 country only; • 13 with not yet established or unknown populations

  22. International standard to assess, report and compare environmental threats DRIVING FORCES Socioeconomic & sociocultural factors PRESSURES Exposure of ecosystems to threat RESPONSES STATES Condition and trend in ecosystem DPSIR Framework IMPACTS Deviation of system from status quo

  23. DAISIE: Known ecological and economic impact by taxonomic and habitat groups Total Ecological (%) Economic (%) Fungus 83 20 (24.1) 25 (30.12) Terrestrial plants 6135 841 (13.71) 745 (12.14) Terrestrial invertebrates 584 126 (21.58) 78 (45.35) Terrestrial mammals 112 55 (49.11) 67 (59.82) Birds 172 46 (26.74) 78 (45.35) Aquatic inland 486 139 (28.6) 107 (22.02) Aquatic marine 1076 134 (12.45) 114 (10.59)

  24. DAISIE: Impacts on Ecosystem Services ECOSYSTEM SERVICES PROVISIONING Food, fuel and fiber Fresh water Genetic resources Biochemicals and medical resources Ornamental resources SUPPORTING Soil formation and retention Production of atmospheric oxigen Water cycling Nutrient cycling Primary production Habitat stability REGULATING Climate regulation Air quality Water regulation and purification Waste removal Biological and pest control Pollination Disease regulation Natural hazard protection Erosion regulation Bioaccumulation CULTURAL Spiritual and religious values Recreation and ecotourism Education and inspiration Sense of place Cultural diversity and heritage value Social relations Knowledge system Aesthetics

  25. DAISIE: Impacts on Ecosystem Services 120 100 Supporting 80 Provisioning 60 Regulating % species Cultural 40 20 0 marine inland plants invertebrates vertebrates Aquatic Aquatic Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial

  26. DRIVERS Trade, travel, tourism & transport International Policy PRESSURES Frequency & number of introductions National Regulation RESPONSES Regional Assessments STATES Established aliens in ecosystems IMPACTS Biodiversity & Ecosystem function Local Management DPSIR Model revisited for invasions

  27. Conclusions • Biological invasions are a pan-European problem • EU funding has been targeting invasions • National perspectives and audits only tell part of the story • Need to develop comparable baselines and indicators • Better border biosecurity requires coordinated efforts • Require risk assessment tools that apply to Europe • Mobilise expertise and awareness in EU 25 and beyond • DAISIE provides a tool for policy implementation, including • Early warning system • Assessment of impacts • Targeting management

  28. Acknowledgements • The European Commission, Sixth Framework Programme for funding the DAISIE project (SSPI-CT-2003-511202) • Contributors of material used in this presentation (Bella Galil, Alain Roques, Piero Genovesi, Phillip Hulme, Montse Vila, Tor-Bjorn Larsson) • All the many partners, collaborators and contributors to the DAISIE project

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