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Structure of the Atom

Structure of the Atom . Subatomic particles Chapter 4 Section 3 . Subatomic particles. Electron Thomson’s cathode ray tube experiments Charge of -1 Mass is so small we can ignore it Proton Rutherford’s gold foil experiment Charge of +1 Mass = 1 amu Neutron Discovered by Chadwick

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Structure of the Atom

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  1. Structure of the Atom Subatomic particles Chapter 4 Section 3

  2. Subatomic particles • Electron • Thomson’s cathode ray tube experiments • Charge of -1 • Mass is so small we can ignore it • Proton • Rutherford’s gold foil experiment • Charge of +1 • Mass = 1 amu • Neutron • Discovered by Chadwick • No charge (neutral) • Mass = 1 amu

  3. Elemental particles • Electron • Quark

  4. Quarks • Six flavors • Up • Down • Charm • Strange • Top (truth) • Bottom (beauty)

  5. up and down quarks • Up quarks have a +2/3 charge • Down quarks have a -1/3 charge

  6. Protons and neutrons • Protons are made up of two up quarks and one down • 2/3 + 2/3 + -1/3 = +1 • Neutrons are made up of one up quark and two down quarks • 2/3 + -1/3 + -1/3 = 0

  7. Atomic number • Number of protons in an atom of an element • Atoms have no net charge (electrically = 0) so number of protons = number of electrons • Example: oxygen has 8 protons (+8) and 8 electrons (-8) • (+8) + (-8) = 0, no charge

  8. Practice • Do practice problems 11, 12, and 13 p. 99

  9. Mass number • The number of protons and neutrons in an atom’s nucleus added together • # protons + # neutrons = mass number • How could I calculate the number of neutrons in an atom’s nucleus?

  10. Isotopes • Atoms of the same element that have different number of neutrons • Mass of an atom is made up of protons and neutrons • When number of neutrons changes, so does mass!!! • Proper notation for atoms/isotopes

  11. Examples and Practice • Example p. 101 • Do # 14 p. 101

  12. Atomic mass • Atomic mass unit = 1/12 of mass of carbon-12 atom • Atomic mass is the weighted average mass of the isotopes of that element • Example: chlorine has two isotopes, chlorine-35 (74%) and chlorine-37 (26%).

  13. Ions • Ions are charged atoms. They have lost or gained electrons, so the number of electrons no longer equals the number of protons. • Example: O2- has gained two electrons protons (+8) + electrons (-10) = -2 charge

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