ADEA 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa Beyond Primary Education:

1. ADEA 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa Beyond Primary Education: Challenges and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in Africa Session 6: Issues of Quality and Relevance of Post-Primary Education: Demand and Supply of Teachers for Post-Primary Education, Curriculum and Skills Development PROVISION OF TEACHERS AND EDUCATION PERSONNEL: the impact on the quality of education delivery in post-primary Virgilio Juvane Working Group on the Teaching Profession Beyond Primary Education: Challenges of and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in AfricaAssociation for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA)Biennale 2008 on Post-Primary Education

2. ADEA 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa Beyond Primary Education: Challenges and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in Africa Problem statement • Pressure on secondary education structures as result of massive expansion of primary level. • Limited capacity to supply enough and qualified teachers and education personnel. Objective: to identify policies, strategies, practices and initiatives in the preparation and provision of teachers and education managers for post-primary level. Beyond Primary Education: Challenges of and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in AfricaAssociation for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA)Biennale 2008 on Post-Primary Education

3. ADEA 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa Beyond Primary Education: Challenges and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in Africa Research methodology • Five countries (Ghana, Togo, Mozambique, Uganda and Zambia) undertook in-country field work using common framework. • Inception workshop with the country teams. • Discussion of the findings of the country teams. • Synthesis report identifies major needs in the training of teachers and other professionals. Beyond Primary Education: Challenges of and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in AfricaAssociation for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA)Biennale 2008 on Post-Primary Education

4. ADEA 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa Beyond Primary Education: Challenges and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in Africa Main results • The main challenge facing countries: to provide sufficient qualified teachers and maintain the gains in teacher supply to primary/basic sub-sector. • Active planning for primary/basic level and less advanced for secondary and largely absent for TVET. • Many primary teachers ‘promoted’ to post-primary. • General under-supply of teachers for PPE and particularly in sciences and mathematics. • Education personnel drawn from the teaching force and they receive little or no training for their new role. Beyond Primary Education: Challenges of and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in AfricaAssociation for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA)Biennale 2008 on Post-Primary Education

5. ADEA 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa Beyond Primary Education: Challenges and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in Africa Main lessons learned • Encouragement given to private sector to train teachers. • Implication: accreditation, certification and deployment. • Evident significant ‘reality gap’ between what has been planned for and what is actually implemented. • Trend towards preparing PPE teachers with two, rather than a single teaching subject. • Introduction of incentives – housing, rural allowances, ‘double shift’ allowances, access to study leave… • Radically change of the role of the teachers’ unions. Beyond Primary Education: Challenges of and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in AfricaAssociation for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA)Biennale 2008 on Post-Primary Education

6. ADEA 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa Beyond Primary Education: Challenges and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in Africa Conclusions: Main messages • Demand for teachers continues to outstrip the supply, not only for PPE, but also for primary/basic sub-sector. • Need to address management and funding of teacher education. • Adjust the different teacher education functions to the context – preservice, initial, inservice, and continuing professional development. • Policy options regarding the model of PP institutions – curriculum; teachers required and specialisation; size; and geographic location. Beyond Primary Education: Challenges of and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in AfricaAssociation for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA)Biennale 2008 on Post-Primary Education