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Lecture Six

Lecture Six. Pragmatic Development. Pragmatics …. Pragmatics = the part played by language in social situations and relationships. Del Hymes : ‘ communicative competence ’ When to speak How to respond to others Appropriate registers. Language functions ….

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Lecture Six

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  1. Lecture Six Pragmatic Development

  2. Pragmatics … • Pragmatics = the part played by language in social situations and relationships. • Del Hymes: ‘communicative competence’ • When to speak • How to respond to others • Appropriate registers

  3. Language functions … • Bottom line: children are motivated to acquire language because it serves certain purposes/functions for them. • Halliday (1975): seven functions …

  4. Halliday’s taxonomy … • INSTRUMENTAL • REGULATORY • INTERACTIONAL • PERSONAL • HEURISTIC • IMAGINATIVE • REPRESENTATIONAL

  5. ! As with other elements of language acquisition, remember that pragmatic development begins before a child starts to speak. Be careful …

  6. Early years … • Children are introduced to important role of language in everyday life. • Adults speak to them a great deal. • Routine events are accompanied by regularly repeated utterances.

  7. Conversation preparation … • Child-parent/carer interactions prepare the child for later participation in conversation.

  8. Bancroft (1996) … • ‘Peek-a-boo’ parallels: • Turn-taking • Response • Common purpose and understand the sequence • Pleasure

  9. Other interactions … • Despite the fact that the child has not yet begun to speak, adults will: • Ask questions • Express agreement • Give approving/disapproving responses

  10. First conversations … • First utterances: statements (rather than questions) and not always directed at anyone! • Child will often seem to ignore other speaker.

  11. First conversations … • Typical conversation: • Initiated by adult • Dependent on continued adult input to progress

  12. Later development … • Age 2-4: significant development in conversational skills: • Turn taking • Response to questions • Greetings • Politeness forms

  13. Speech Convergence and Accommodation Theory • Yousef (1991) • Group of children in Trinidad • Children responded to different social situations by using different varieties of English

  14. Speech Convergence and Accommodation Theory • Janet (3, 9): Past tense verb forms: • Conversation with mother: 100% SE • Family helper (a Trinidadian English speaker): decreasing amounts • Brother/same age children: decreasing amounts

  15. Children develop increased sensitivity to the needs of their listener. Greater understanding of language more appropriate to formal situations (register). After starting school …

  16. Vocabulary test … • COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE • LANGUAGE FUNCTION • INSTRUMENTAL • REGULATORY • INTERACTIONAL • PERSONAL • HEURISTIC • IMAGINATIVE • REPRESENTATIONAL

  17. Vocabulary test … • SPEECH CONVERGENCE • ACCOMMODATION THEORY • REGISTER

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