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Female & Male Images In Media

Female & Male Images In Media. Are media portrayals as harmful to men as to women?. Martin & Gentry (No). Social Comparison Theory Drive to evaluate own opinions & abilities leads us to compare ourselves to other people. Advertising imposes a “sense of inadequacy” on women

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Female & Male Images In Media

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  1. Female & Male Images In Media

  2. Are media portrayals as harmful to men as to women?

  3. Martin & Gentry (No) • Social Comparison Theory • Drive to evaluate own opinions & abilities leads us to compare ourselves to other people.

  4. Advertising • imposes a “sense of inadequacy” on women • creates & reinforces preoccupation with women’s physical attractiveness

  5. Ads encourage women to compare themselves to models • Motivations influence effect of ads

  6. Cottle • Recent advertising trends are just as harmful to men • Unforgiving & unrealistic images • Men’s magazines encourage obsession with body image, aging & sexual prowess

  7. Male Images in Media

  8. In the Beginning Marky Mark 1993 Lucky the Diet Coke Hunk 1994

  9. Hollywood Beefcake

  10. There are even posters

  11. Tough Guise • Men, masculinity & media

  12. Ken: Now and Then

  13. Female advertising images Video: “Killing Us Softly” Jean Kilbourne

  14. Changing beauty standards • In 1957, Miss America was 5'7" and weighed 150 pounds. • The average modern Miss America: • 5’7'' • 121 pounds

  15. Before & after: “Plus Size” Size 12

  16. Jamie Lee in More Magazine

  17. After Before

  18. DOES THIS REMIND YOU OF ANYTHING?

  19. Double Standard in Hollywood? • Percentage of women in the US who are 40 or older: 42 • Percentage of actresses appearing in movies in 2002 who were 39 or younger: 78

  20. Double Standard?

  21. People Magazine article • What point is the article making? • Do you see any irony here?

  22. Media Images of Gender: Research

  23. Children Now study: • Media exposes boys to narrow, confining definition of masculinity • Anger & violence solve problems • "Gender straightjacket" limits range of emotions allowed

  24. Do the media objectify men in the same way they do women? • Are the consequences different?

  25. Video Games • Majority male characters (92% to 54%) • Female bodies exposed (38%) • Large breasts & small waists

  26. For Example . . .

  27. Sex in the Media

  28. Sex, Lies & Women's Mags • Stories about sex are "tweaked" • Quotes changed / stories embellished / people made up • Why does this matter? • Are stories about sex "a formidable cultural force"? • Or just an entertaining diversion?

  29. Sex on TV (Kaiser Foundation Report) • More sexual content on TV now than ever before • Sexual behaviors • Talking about sex • Has it gone too far? http://www.parentstv.org/PTC/clips/main.asp

  30. Concerns about youth • TV informs youth about sex • TV shapes ideas about what others are doing • Who else does this?

  31. Context • Only 10% refer to risks or responsibilities of sex • More likely w/teen situations

  32. 3rd person effect • TV sex influences other teens a lot or somewhat 72% • TV sex influences ME a lot or somewhat 22%

  33. The Porn Factor • Is pornography transforming sexuality & relationships for the worse? • Unrealistic expectations of appearance & performance • Difficulty forming sustaining relationships • Difficulty feeling sexually satisfied • Denigration of women

  34. Effects on children • (socialization by “eavesdropping”) • Correlations with aggressiveness & abuse • Erotica vs pornography

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