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Chemical Reactions Part 2: Combustion and Single Displacement Reactions

Chemical Reactions Part 2: Combustion and Single Displacement Reactions. Objectives. -To identify combustion and single displacement chemical reactions -To predict the products of these two types of reactions. Combustion Reactions. Combustion = add oxygen

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Chemical Reactions Part 2: Combustion and Single Displacement Reactions

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  1. Chemical Reactions Part 2: Combustion and Single Displacement Reactions

  2. Objectives • -To identify combustion and single displacement chemical reactions • -To predict the products of these two types of reactions

  3. Combustion Reactions • Combustion = add oxygen • Combustion reactions-most compounds combine with oxygen when they burn to form oxides • Key: 1 compound plus oxygen AB+ O2oxide of A + oxide of B2 C2H6 + 7 O2 4 CO2 + 6 H2O

  4. Combustion Reactions • Normally, a compound composed of only C, H, (and maybe O) is reacted with oxygen – usually called “burning” • If the combustion is complete, the products will be CO2 and H2O • If the combustion is incomplete, the products will be CO (or possibly just C) and H2O

  5. Single Displacement Reactions • Single displacement reactions-one element replaces another in a compound • More active metals replace less active metals OR • More active nonmetals replace less active nonmetals (see activity chart reference) • Key: reactants are 1 element and 1 compound (the element can’t be O2)

  6. The “Activity Series” of Metals • Lithium • Potassium • Calcium • Sodium • Magnesium • Aluminum • Zinc • Chromium • Iron • Nickel • Lead • Hydrogen • Bismuth • Copper • Mercury • Silver • Platinum • Gold Higher activity • Metals can replace other metals, provided they are above the metal they are trying to replace (i.e. zinc will replace lead) • Metals above hydrogen can replace hydrogen in acids • Metals from magnesium upward can replace hydrogen in water Lower activity

  7. The “Activity Series” of Halogens Higher Activity Fluorine Chlorine Bromine Iodine • Halogens can replace other • halogens in compounds, provided they are above the halogen they are trying to replace. Lower Activity 2NaF(s) + Cl2(g) 2NaCl(s) + F2(g) ??? MgCl2(s) + Br2(g) No Reaction! ???

  8. Single Displacement Reactions A. More active metals replace less active metals from their compounds (Hydrogen can act like a metal) Cu + 2 AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2 Ag Zn + H2SO4 ZnSO4 + H2

  9. Single Displacement Reactions B. More active nonmetals replace less active nonmetals from their compounds Cl2+ 2 NaI 2 NaCl + I2

  10. Single Displacement Reactions C. Very active metals (only the first 5) can replace one (AND ONLY ONE) of the hydrogens from the stable compound water. 2 Na + 2 H2O  2 NaOH + H2 a metal hydroxide is always one of the products

  11. Objectives • -To identify combustion and single displacement chemical reactions • -To predict the products of these two types of reactions

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