Italy

1. Italy

2. Geography of Italy • Southern Europe • Peninsula – the boot • Includes islands – Sicilly, Sardinia • Southern side of the Alps • Surrounded by 4 seas – Adriatic, Mediterranean • Population - 61,261,254  • Capitol – Rome • Over 3 million people • Major Cities – Naples, Milan, Venice, Florence • Active Volcanoes – Vesuvius, Etna, Stromboli

3. Government and Economy • Republic • President – Giorgio Napolitano • Prime Minister – Matteo Renzi • Money – Euro • Main sources of economy – • Industry – machinery, iron and steel • Tourism • Agriculture – grapes, vegetables, fish • Exports – engineering products, cars

4. Culture • Language – Italian, German, French (Sicilian, Venetian, etc) • Food – pasta, tomatoes, garlic, cheese, prosciutto, wine • Family-centric – even in business (Fiat) • Holidays – • Christmas and most Christian holidays • Nov 1st – Saints Day • April 25 - Liberation Day, marking the 1945 liberation ending World War II in Italy in 1945. • Patron Saints celebrations – towns and villages

5. Culture • Major center of the Renaissance – arts, music, architecture • Paintings and artists – Raphael, Leonardo, Michelangelo, Donatello • Music – opera • Architecture – Roman, Baroque, Neoclassical • Religion – Roman Catholic and Islam

6. Vatican City • Sovereign city-state within Rome • Lateran Treaty (1929) – signed by Prime Minister Mussolini • Bishop of Rome – Pope • Absolute Elective Monarchy • Economy - Tourism • St Peter’s Basilica, Sistine Chapel, Museums • Pope Francis (2013) – • Born in Argentina • Pope of the poor • Less frivolous, tweets

7. Historical Landmarks • “Holy Shroud” in Turin Cathedral • Coliseum • Leaning tower of Pisa • Venice gondolas • Paestum • Catacombs – burial for nobles

8. Piece of History – Mussolini • The Rise and Fall of Mussolini • Italy declared its neutrality upon the outbreak of World War I on the grounds that Germany had embarked upon an offensive war. In 1915, Italy entered the war on the side of the Allies but obtained less territory than it expected in the postwar settlement. Benito (“Il Duce”) Mussolini, a former Socialist, organized discontented Italians in 1919 into the Fascist Party to “rescue Italy from Bolshevism.” He led his Black Shirts in a march on Rome and, on Oct. 28, 1922, became prime minister. He transformed Italy into a dictatorship, embarking on an expansionist foreign policy with the invasion and annexation of Ethiopia in 1935 and allying himself with Adolf Hitler in the Rome-Berlin Axis in 1936. When the Allies invaded Italy in 1943, Mussolini's dictatorship collapsed; he was executed by partisans on April 28, 1945, at Dongo on Lake Como. Following the armistice with the Allies (Sept. 3, 1943), Italy joined the war against Germany as a cobelligerent. A June 1946 plebiscite rejected monarchy and a republic was proclaimed. The peace treaty of Sept. 15, 1947, required Italian renunciation of all claims in Ethiopia and Greece and the cession of the Dodecanese islands to Greece and of five small Alpine areas to France. The Trieste area west of the new Yugoslav territory was made a free territory (until 1954, when the city and a 90-square-mile zone were transferred to Italy and the rest to Yugoslavia). Assignment – Create a timeline or sequence of events graphic organizer AND identify 2 “cause and effect” eventsRead more: Italy: History, Geography, Government, & Culture | Infoplease.comhttp://www.infoplease.com/country/italy.html?pageno=3#ixzz31o1Anymg