'Random mating' diaporamas de présentation

Molecular Markers

Molecular Markers. DNA & PROTEINS mtDNA = often used in systematics; in general, no recombination = uniparental inheritance cpDNA = often used in systematics; in general, no recombination = uniparental inheritance Microsatellites = tandem repeats; genotyping & population structure

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Genetic analysis requires variation at loci, variation of markers (polymorphisms)

Genetic analysis requires variation at loci, variation of markers (polymorphisms). How the variation is structured will tell us Does the microbe reproduce sexually or clonally Is infection primary or secondary

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Targets Above The Level of The Individual

Targets Above The Level of The Individual. These two components are inherently a phenotype not of An individual, but a pair of individuals in a sexual population. DNA encodes information that interacts with the environment to influence phenotype.

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Genetics

Genetics. What is Selection ?. Mating animals to produce certain characteristics Low Birthweight Heavier Weaning Weight Color Horned or Polled Temperment. What makes an animal the way that they are?. Animals are the result of Feed , Health , and Inheritance (genetic material)

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Genes within Populations

Genes within Populations. What is a population? How are populations characterized? What does it mean to be diploid, haploid, polyploid? How can we characterize populations based on their genes?. What is a population?.

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Lesson 4 Agenda

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Genetic diversity and evolution

Genetic diversity and evolution. Content. Summary of previous class H.W equilibrium Effect of selection Genetic Variance Drift, mutations and migration. Hardy-Weinberg assumptions. If all assumptions were met, the population would not evolve

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NON-RANDOM MATING

NON-RANDOM MATING. Inbreeding: mating between close relatives leads to deviations from H-W equilibrium by causing a deficit of heterozygotes. In the extreme case of self-fertilization: Generation AA Aa aa 0 p 2 2pq q 2 1 p 2 + (pq/2) pq q 2 + (pq/2)

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What causes evolution?

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USC3002 Picturing the World Through Mathematics

USC3002 Picturing the World Through Mathematics. Wayne Lawton Department of Mathematics S14-04-04, 65162749 matwml@nus.edu.sg. Theme for Semester I, 2008/09 : The Logic of Evolution, Mathematical Models of Adaptation from Darwin to Dawkins.

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Ch 15 Evolution

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REVIEW:

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Monday, September 10, 2012

Monday, September 10, 2012. Purpose of H-W Principle:. The Hardy-Weinberg Principle provides a baseline for comparison & determines whether or not gene frequencies have changed in a population and thus whether (micro)evolution has occurred. Hardy-Weinberg Assumptions.

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Mechanisms of Evolution

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Introduction to Population Stratification

Introduction to Population Stratification. Standard definition of confounding. A confounder is Associated with the exposure in the study base Associated with disease in the unexposed Not in the causal pathway. Criteria for confounding in genetic association studies. Confounder must be:

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Objectives

Objectives. Cover some of the essential concepts for GWAS that have not yet been covered Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium Meta-analysis SNP Imputation Review what we have learned about the genetics of common disease from GWAS Where do we go from here? What do we go with GWAS results.

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Evolutionary pathways for sex-determining mechanisms

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Non-random mating can change population genetic structure

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Genetic Drift

Genetic Drift. Random change in allele frequency Just by chance or chance events (migrations, natural disasters, etc) Most effect on smaller populations (?100) Founder effect- allele frequencies change as a result of migration of a small subgroup of a pop.

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EVOLUTION READING and VOCABULARY

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