Friday August 16, 2013

1. Should not be in class: Bags Food Drinks, other than water Friday August 16, 2013 • Book in your locker? GO GET IT, NOW! • Have something you shouldn’t? BRING IT BACK TO LOCKER NOW! • Turn in any signed parent forms you have today • Open text book to chapter 1, section 1 • Get ready for learnin’!  • must have notebook for Monday! Do you have…? Required daily materials Signature form from the course expectations

2. Chapter Introduction This chapter focuses on the people and civilizations of the Americas, Europe, and Africa on the eve of contact. It examines the motives and goals of early explorers, describes first encounters, and examines the dramatic changes that occurred as different worlds collided. • Section 1: The American Indians • Section 2: The Europeans • Section 3: The West Africans • Section 4: First Encounters

3. How did the spread of civilization begin in the Americas? • Look at the Focus Question as you begin to read each section • Keep the Focus Question in mind as you read and complete the reading assignment • Read the Checkpoint questionsand think about how they connect to and help to answer the Focus Question Objectives – keep these in mind • Explain how American Indians may have come to North America. • Describe the process by which different American Indian groups and cultures developed. • Describe the major culture areas prior to the arrival of Europeans in North America.

4. Explain how American Indians may have come to North America. Paleo-Indians were the first humans to live in the Americas. • Scholars believe the Paleo-Indians came from Siberia, a region in Asia. • They disagree, however, about when and how the Paleo-Indians arrived.

5. Explain how American Indians may have come to North America.

6. Explain how American Indians may have come to North America. The Paleo-Indians eventually migrated throughout the Americas.

7. Describe the process by which different American Indian groups and cultures developed. About 12,000 to 10,000 years ago, the climate warmed, melting the polar ice and raising the ocean level. The warming climate and the skill of hunters killed off the mammoths and other large animals. Paleo-Indians adapted by turning their attention to fishing, gathering of nuts and berries, and hunting smaller mammals.

8. About 3,500 years ago in central Mexico, Native Americans developed agriculture. The expanded food supply led to population growth and permanent villages. In Mexico, some villages grew into great cities ruled by powerful chiefs. Describe the process by which different American Indian groups and cultures developed.

9. From Mexico, agriculture slowly spread northward into North America. Describe the process by which different American Indian groups and cultures developed. In Mexico, the Mayas and the Aztecsbuilt advanced civilizations. However, in some places, people continued hunting, gathering, and fishing.

10. Describe the process by which different American Indian groups and cultures developed. Diverse cultures emerged in what would later become the United States. In different regions, Indian tribes: • had different kinds of homes and clothes. • ate different foods. • developed different traditions. • spoke hundreds of different languages.

11. Describe the major culture areas prior to the arrival of Europeans in North America. The arid Southwest climate forced Native Americans to build dams and irrigation canals in order to grow crops. Some Native Americans in this region lived in adobe houses in farming villages, while others lived in pueblos and cliff dwellings.

12. Describe the major culture areas prior to the arrival of Europeans in North America.

13. Describe the major culture areas prior to the arrival of Europeans in North America.

14. Describe the major culture areas prior to the arrival of Europeans in North America. Due to the mild winters, warm summers, and ample rainfall of the Southeast, most Native Americans in this region were farmers. But they also hunted in the forests and fished in the rivers and lakes of the region.

15. The Algonquians lived in wigwams on the Atlantic seaboard, while the Iroquois lived in longhouses around Lake Ontario and Lake Erie. Describe the major culture areas prior to the arrival of Europeans in North America. Northeastern people developed into two major language groups: the Algonquians and the Iroquoians. Five Iroquois peoples united to form the Iroquois League, which promoted peace among the member nations.

16. Describe the major culture areas prior to the arrival of Europeans in North America. Native American Cultures, ca. 1500

17. Describe the major culture areas prior to the arrival of Europeans in North America.

18. Describe the major culture areas prior to the arrival of Europeans in North America. Despite their cultural diversity, most Native American groups shared several cultural features: • decentralized political power. • spiritual beliefs and shamanism. • little private ownership of property. • equality among the various tribes and nations. • division of labor along gender lines.

20. Objectives • Explain how American Indians may have come to North America. • Describe the process by which different American Indian groups and cultures developed. • Describe the major culture areas prior to the arrival of Europeans in North America.

21. How did the spread of civilization begin in the Americas? The earliest inhabitants of the Americas found a land rich in resources and varied in geographic features… Explain how American Indians may have come to North America. As they settled across the land, they adapted to local environments and developed distinct ways of life… Describe the process by which different American Indian groups and cultures developed. Describe the major culture areas prior to the arrival of Europeans in North America.