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IMMUNOLOGY

IMMUNOLOGY. Cellular and molecular immunology (Abul K. Abbas )7th edition. Application of Immunology. Clinical diagnosis Treatment Prophylaxis Research. Types of immunity. (Natural or Innate immunity) (adaptive or acquired immunity). Innate immunity. First line of defence

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IMMUNOLOGY

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  1. IMMUNOLOGY Cellular and molecular immunology (Abul K. Abbas )7th edition

  2. Application of Immunology • Clinical diagnosis • Treatment • Prophylaxis • Research

  3. Types of immunity • (Natural or Innate immunity) • (adaptive or acquired immunity)

  4. Innate immunity • First line of defence • Cellular and biochemical mechanisms are present before infection • These mechanisms react only to microbes • They respond in essentially the same way to repeated infections • The principal components of innate immunity are: • Physical and chemical barriers • Phagocytic cells • Blood proteins(CRP,complement,interferons) • cytokines

  5. Innate immunity • Some components are functioning at all times even before infection • Others are normally inactive but poised to respond rapidly to the microbes

  6. Anatomical Barriers - Mechanical Factors

  7. Anatomical Barriers - Chemical Factors

  8. Anatomical Barriers - Biological Factors

  9. Humoral Components

  10. Cellular Components

  11. interferon • Type I(IFN-α,IFN-β) all immune cells and fibroblasts as an anti virus • Type II(IFN- ) T cells as a immunoregulator

  12. interferons • Interferon alphas are used for treating cancers and viral infections • interferon betas are used for treating multiple sclerosis • interferon gamma is used for treating chronic granulomatous disease.

  13. Adaptive immunity • Stimulated by exposure to infectious and noninfectious agents,increase in magnitude and defensive capabilities with each succesive exposure to a particular microbe.

  14. Types of adaptive immunity • Humoral immunity (antibodies) Principal defence mechanism against extracellular microbes and their toxins • Cell mediated immunity (CMI) Defence against intracellular microbes

  15. Phases of adaptive immune resposes • Recognition of antigen • Activation of lymphocytes • Elimination of antigen(effector phase) • Decline of immune responses(homeostasis)

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