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Nutrition

Nutrition. What is Nutrition?. The study of food & the way in which the body uses it 6 classes of Essential Nutrients: Carbohydrates Fats Proteins Vitamins Minerals Water Carbs, fats, proteins provides energy => calories. What is a Nutrient?.

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Nutrition

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  1. Nutrition

  2. What is Nutrition? • The study of food & the way in which the body uses it • 6 classes of Essential Nutrients: • Carbohydrates • Fats • Proteins • Vitamins • Minerals • Water • Carbs, fats, proteins provides energy => calories

  3. What is a Nutrient? • A chemical substance in food that helps maintain the body. • Some provide energy. • All help build cells & tissues, regulate bodily processes such as breathing. • No single food supplies all the nutrients the body needs to function.

  4. Carbohydrates • main source of food energy • 2 types • Simple • Complex

  5. Fats • most concentrated form of food energy • 3 types • Saturated fats • Leads to obesity, increased cholesterol levels & higher risk of heart attacks • Unsaturated fats (lower risk of heart disease) • Monounsaturated fats • Omega-3 • Cholesterol • Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) – brings it to cells = plaque, “bad cholesterol” • High-density lipoproteins (HDL) – carries it back to liver, “good cholesterol”

  6. Proteins • Needed to build & repair body tissues (muscles, skin, hair, nails) • Made up of amino acids, 20 total • 9 essential amino acids (comes from food) • 11 nonessential amino acids (body makes) • 2 types of proteins • complete: contain all 9 AA (animal) • incomplete: contains only some essential AA (plants)

  7. Vitamins • Needed to maintain health, regulate certain chemical reactions & allow growth • no energy • 2 types • Fat-soluble • A, D, E, K (dissolves & stored in fat) • Water-soluble • B group, biotin & vitamin C

  8. Minerals • Chemical elements that are needed for certain process • Some Types: • Sodium • No more than 2,400 milligrams (1 ¼ tsp) • acts as electrolytes, helps control fluid levels in body, muscle movements, nerve singles, transportation of nutrients • Calcium • 1,300 milligrams (1 cup milk = 300 milligrams) • for normal growth of bone & teeth • Iron • Girls = 18 mlg, boys = 12 mlg • helps create red blood cells • Lacking = anemia (not enough red blood cells to carry oxygen around body)

  9. Water • ~60% of your body is water • Need at least 8 glasses a day • functions: chemical reactions; maintains acidity of body; helps supply energy, transport gas, nutrients & waste, control body temp • Dehydration: Lose more than taken in • How do you know if your drinking enough? • Urine should be clear & odorless

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