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The Severan Dynasty

193 CE to 235 CE. The Severan Dynasty. A painting of Severan family members called the Severan Tondo. Photo from: http://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/143/flashcards/1938143/jpg/severan_tondo1351640371200.jpg. By Peter Baugh, Mac Rechan , and Alex Hawkenberry. PB. Background .

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The Severan Dynasty

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  1. 193 CE to 235 CE The Severan Dynasty A painting of Severan family members called the SeveranTondo Photo from: http://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/143/flashcards/1938143/jpg/severan_tondo1351640371200.jpg By Peter Baugh, Mac Rechan, and Alex Hawkenberry PB

  2. Background • Short reigns EMPERORS: Septimius Severus Caracalla Geta Macrinus Elagabalus Alexander Severus “Caracalla and Geta”. From: http://imgc.allpostersimages.com/images/P-473-488-90/15/1501/4PBBD00Z/posters/sir-lawrence-alma-tadema-caracalla-and-geta-1907.jpg PB

  3. Septimiusseverus PB

  4. Septimius Severus 193 CE to 211 CE LEFT: http://www.nndb.com/people/804/000107483/septimius-severus-1-sized.jpg FAR LEFT: http://www.romansociety.org/fileadmin/images/imago/3071.jpg PB

  5. Septimius Severus Background • From Leptis Magna in Northern Africa • Founded African dynasty of Roman emperors • Born in 146 CE, died in 211 CE • Fathered Caracalla and Geta http://www.prepare2go.com/aviation/images/map_safari.jpg PB

  6. Septimius Severus as Emperor • Was part of conspiracy of emperor that was killed, leading him to be emperor • Revengeful, cruel • Gave Asian natives equal rights to Italians PB

  7. cont. • Didn’t allow conversion to Judaism and Christianity • Restored Hadrian’s Wall • Strengthened Roman power in Britain http://www.hadrians-wall-bed-and-breakfast.co.uk/images/index/hadrians_wall_cawfields.jpg PB

  8. Caracalla AH

  9. Facts -Caracalla created a huge bath complex in downtown Rome itself for the public enjoyment -He placed heavy taxes on particularly the richest families, so as to limit their power as well as to fill his pocket -Re-ignited conflict with the Parthians, after convincing them that he wanted peace by marriage, but instead he murdered the bride and the guests, and began more skirmishes with Parthia -He was of Syrian descent, and was born in Lugdunum, Gaul -After his father, Septimius Severus died, he and his brother Geta were proclaimed co-emperors -Instigated mass persecutions and massacres throughout the empire -Caracalla wanted sole rule, so he had loyal members of the Praetorian guard to kill him, Caracalla massacred Geta's supporters -In order to secure the allegiance of the army, Caracalla raised the annual pay of the common legionary, (he used the extra taxes from the rich) -He was assassinated in Parthia by Julius Martialis, an officer in his personal bodyguard http://lordbest.napoleonicmedals.org/Emperors/caracalla5.jpg AH

  10. Legacy -The greatest legacy of Caracalla would be the baths that he created in Rome, the great piece of architecture would live on after Caracalla's death, and will probably be the greatest reminder of his reign to the Roman people -The fact that he as well as many other proceeding emperors were Syrian gives proof to the fact that Rome was a multi-ethnic empire, with a great diversity of rulers -His continuation of the wars with Parthia had a certain impact on the course of the future of Rome's dominion in the east http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Thermae_of_Caracalla_Panorama.jpg/900px-Thermae_of_Caracalla_Panorama.jpg AH

  11. Geta MTR

  12. Geta • Was emperor from 209-211 CE • Ruled with both his brother, Caracalla, and father (Severus) • Helped to defeat the Britains • Took a back seat to the throne as an emperor, and had little overall influence • Little is truly known about Geta and how he affected the lives of Romans in specific ways MTR

  13. Image of Geta http://www.arthistoryclub.com/art_history/Publius_Septimius_Geta MTR

  14. Geta’s Conflict with Caracalla • The title of emperor was shared by both Geta and his brother Caracalla • The two did not cooperate very well, and lived in constant conflict • Eventually, Caracalla had enough, and decided to assassinate Geta in their mother’s arms, thus becoming the sole emperor of Rome • Caracalla then proceeded to damn (Damnatio Memoriae in Latin) the memory of Geta, and removed his name from all political inscriptions MTR

  15. macrinus PB

  16. Background • Emperor from 217-218 AD • Neither a Senator or from a Senatorial family http://lordbest.napoleonicmedals.org/Emperors/macrinus1.jpg PB

  17. Reign • Became Emperor after his predecessor was murdered • Unable to maintain Roman influence in the East • Unpopular • Overthrown, killed PB

  18. Elagabalus AH

  19. Facts -Elagabalus was the 25th emperor of Rome -He was Syrian, which demonstrates the diversity of emperors' ethnic backround -He was a partier, he employed a sort of whoopee cushion at parties -He reigned for a mere four years -He rose to power by gaining support from the 3rd legion, who were persuaded by Elagabalus's mother. The emperor before Elagabalus, named Macrinus sent a force to deal with the 3rd legion, but his force turned on him and joined Elagabalus, after that event, the rest of the legions in the east deserted Macrinus and joined Elagabalus and he assumed the throne. -A rise in sun worship throughout the empire led to him creating a god "deus sol invictus," the god of the undefeated sun -He was extremely promiscuous, often engaged in homosexuality as well as heterosexuality http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elagabalus AH

  20. Legacy -The reign of Elagabalus will be remembered mainly for sexual scandal and religious controversy -He has one of the worst reputation among Roman emperors -His acts of eccentric behavior, self prostitution, and extreme promiscuousness made him a hated emperor. -His behavior seemed rather strange to senate, the common people, as well as his own bodyguards, known as the Praetorian guard -His bad rulership and strange behavior led to his assassination, planned by his grandmother and cousin, and carried out by his own bodyguards -He died at a mere 18 years of age -Religious controversy between the worship of the new Deus Sol Invictus, and the old gods sparked violence and unrest http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elagabalus AH

  21. Alexander Severus MTR

  22. Alexander Severus General Info. • Was originally born in Syria, an area of the Roman Empire • He was adopted by Elagabalus at urging of Julia Maesa • Alexander Severus was emperor from 222-235 CE • He was the last emperor of the Severan Dynasty • He was described as “pure, but living in an age of corruption” MTR

  23. Images of Alexander Severus http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Severus http://davidderrick.wordpress.com/2007/08/08/effeminate-natives-of-asia/ MTR

  24. Alexander Severus as Emperor • Helped to eventually resist the Persian threat, probably being the most significant event of his reign • Saw Abraham and Jesus as the greatest teachers of mankind, and tried to follow their teachings • Lowered taxes for Roman citizens • However, corruption and instability were the prime results of his reign • When the German Wars began, Maximinus ascended to the throne and Severus was killed, as the people grew tired of his policies MTR

  25. BIBLIOGRAPHY "Alexander Severus." Wikipedia. Accessed March 2013. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Severus. "Baths of Caracalla." , Rome. http://www.aviewoncities.com/rome/bathsofcaracalla.htm. "Caracalla (Roman Emperor)." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Accessed March 2013. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/94451/Caracalla. "Elagabalus Emperor Of Rome." About.com Ancient / Classical History. Accessed March 2013. http://ancienthistory.about.com/cs/biocategory/a/elagabalus.htm. "Elagabalus (Roman Emperor)." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Accessed March 2013. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/181888/Elagabalus. "Elagabalus." Wikipedia. Accessed March 14, 2013. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elagabalus. "Geta - Roman Emperor." About.com Ancient / Classical History. Accessed March 2013. http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/emperors/p/Geta.htm "Caracalla." Wikipedia. Accessed March 2013. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caracalla. "Elagabalus." Elagabalus. Accessed March 2013. http://www.roman-empire.net/decline/elagabalus.html.

  26. "Roman Emperors - DIR Caracalla." Roman Emperors - DIR Caracalla. Accessed March 2013. http://www.roman-emperors.org/caracala.htm. "Roman Emperors - DIR Macrinus." Roman Emperors - DIR Macrinus. Accessed March 4, 2013. http://www.roman-emperors.org/macrinus.htm. "Septimius Severus." CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA:. Accessed March 3, 2013. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13721a.htm. "Septimius Severus." Wikipedia. Accessed March 2, 2013. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septimius_Severus. "The Toynbee Convector." The Toynbee Convector. Accessed March 2013. http://davidderrick.wordpress.com/2007/08/08/effeminate-natives-of-asia/. cont. "Geta." Geta. Accessed March 2013. http://www.roman-empire.net/decline/geta.html. "Outlines of Roman History." Outlines of Roman History. Accessed March 5, 2013. http://www.forumromanum.org/history/index.html. "PubliusSeptimiusGeta - Your Art History Reference Guide!" PubliusSeptimiusGeta. Accessed March 2013. http://www.arthistoryclub.com/art_history/Publius_Septimius_Geta. "PubliusSeptimiusGeta." Wikipedia. Accessed March 2013. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publius_Septimius_Geta.

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