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Abnormal Constituents of urine(Organic)

Abnormal Constituents of urine(Organic). Test For Glucose. BENEDICT’S TEST. Causes Of Glucoseuria. Diabetes Mellitus Pregnancy Hyperthyroidism High sugar diet Liver Disease Renal Diseases. PRINCIPAL:.

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Abnormal Constituents of urine(Organic)

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  1. Abnormal Constituents of urine(Organic)

  2. Test For Glucose • BENEDICT’S TEST

  3. Causes Of Glucoseuria • Diabetes Mellitus • Pregnancy • Hyperthyroidism • High sugar diet • Liver Disease • Renal Diseases

  4. PRINCIPAL: When reducing sugars are treated with benedict’s reagent in hot alkaline medium they form Enediol. Enediol reduce cupper ions to cupric oxide which is further reduced to cuprous oxide. Amount of precipitate cuprous oxide (Cu2O) depends upon the amount of reducing sugar present in the sample used.

  5. PROCEDURE PROCEDURE • Take 5ml of benedict’s reagent in a test tube. • Add 8 drops of urine. • Mix or boil over a flame or in a boiling water bath for 2 minutes. • Cool the solution.

  6. INTERPRETATION • The appearance of a green, yellow, orange or red precipitate indicates that the carbohydrate is a reducing one. This is a semiquantitative test. If the solutions are taken in correct proportion and the procedure followed strictly, the approximate concentration of the carbohydrate can be judged from the color of precipitate.

  7. INTERPRETATION • COLOUR OF PRECIPITATE GREEN YELLOW ORANGE RED BRICK RED • CONC. OF CHO(GM %) • 0.1- 0.5 OR (+) • 0.5- 1.0 OR (++) • 1.0- 1.5 OR (+++) • 1.5- 2.0 OR (++++) • ABOVE 2.0

  8. Test For Protein • Heat Coagulation Test

  9. Causes Of Proteinuria • Renal Failure • Diabetes Mellitus • HTN • Pregnancy • Glomerular Disease(Glomerulonephritis) • Strenuous Exercise • Dehydration

  10. PRINCIPAL: • When a protein is heated in acidic medium ,it becomes denatured due to breaking up of certain bonds. However when the coagulable proteins are heated at their isoelectric PH, its polypeptide chains becomes uncoiled and matted with each other to form an insoluble mass. the process of coagulation is maximum at the isoelectric PH of the protein.

  11. Procedure: • For this test PH of urine is of great importance. The urine should be clear if not then filter it. • Fill two third of test tube with the clear urine and test the PH of urine with litmus paper or PH paper adjust the PH of urine slightly acidic about PH 5 by adding few drops of 1 % acetic acid if required. • Hold the test tube near its bottom, incline it slightly and heat the upper portion of the fluid.

  12. Interpretation: • There will be formulation of turbidity or coagulation if proteins, albumin and globulin are present in given sample of urine,

  13. Interpretation:

  14. Test for blood Benzedine Test

  15. Causes of haematuria • Renal Stones • BPH • UTI • Injury • Glomerulonephritis • Carcinoma

  16. PRINCIPAL: • This test depend upon peroxidase activity of hemoglobin. It decomposes H2O2libratingO2 which oxidize Benzedine giving blue or green color.

  17. Procedure: • Take 2 ml of urine in test tube • Add 2ml of saturated solution of benzedine glacial acetic acid and mix it thoroughly. • Add 1 ml 3% H2O2

  18. Interpretation: • Formation of green blue or green colour shows the presence of blood in urine

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