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HLSC 2120 Oct 9, 2007

HLSC 2120 Oct 9, 2007. Developmental Model (Tuckman) Models of Group Psychotherapy Working in the Hear & Now . Developmental Model (Tuckman, 1963; Weber, 1982. Stage 1 ~ Forming Stage 2 ~ Storming Stage 3 ~ Norming Stage 4 ~ Performing Stage 5 ~ Transforming. FORMING.

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HLSC 2120 Oct 9, 2007

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  1. HLSC 2120Oct 9, 2007 Developmental Model (Tuckman) Models of Group Psychotherapy Working in the Hear & Now

  2. Developmental Model (Tuckman, 1963; Weber, 1982 Stage 1 ~ Forming Stage 2 ~ Storming Stage 3 ~ Norming Stage 4 ~ Performing Stage 5 ~ Transforming

  3. FORMING • ~ Behaviours – polite and superficial as they establish similarities, common needs, and compatibility; give and seek advice. • ~ Feelings – suspicion, fear, anxiety and curiosity • ~ Goals – “please include me”

  4. FORMING-Leadership Focus • ~ Leadership: • - Encourage sharing of treatment goals • Foster trust & links around shared similarities • - Normalizing (members fears & anxiety) • Increase involvement; decrease isolation • - Group Task • Engagement/committment

  5. STORMING • ~ Behaviours – defensive; competitive; covert non-support; and direct attacks • ~ Feelings – anger, disappointment, frustration • ~ Goals – ‘need for control” regain individuality, power, and influence; challenging authority increase trust in themselves and their contribution.

  6. STORMING: Leadership Focus • ~ Leadership – • Assist members in exposing and productively managing their tension • ~ Group Task: • Tolerance of differences • Reminder that this is an important stage of development although it may appear counter productive

  7. NORMING AND PERFORMING • ~ Behaviours – sharing personal struggles; discussing group dynamics; gain and share insight; risking new behaviours • ~ Feelings – affection, caring and trust • ~ Goals – “me and you”, connection/tolernace of closeness

  8. NORMING & PERFORMING: LEADERSHIP FOCUS • ~ Leadership: • meaning attribution of individual, interpersonal, and groups dynamics • ~ Group task: • Non-defensive openness and exploration of group relationships

  9. TRANSFORMING • ~Behaviours: • Acknowledgment or denial of the ending • ~Feelings: • Loss, abandonment, sadness, regrets, affection • ~ Goals: • Disengagement

  10. TRANSFORMING: Leadership Focus • ~Leadership: • Review of the members typical manner of addressing good byes • Encourage acknowledgment of highlight and regrets • ~ Group Task: • Self-responsibility

  11. Stage Response to the Leader • Stage 1 ~ attempt to have their needs met by the leader • Stage 2 ~ rebels against the leader • Stage 3 &4 ~ able to express strong emotions toward co-members and leader

  12. Type of Groups • ~Focused Criteria Groups • ~Individually Oriented Change Groups • ~Interpersonal Learning & Change Groups • ~Psychodynamic Groups

  13. Nancy McWilliams, … for therapy to be therapeutic, it is more important for the clinicians to understand people than to master specific treatment techniques (p. 9).

  14. … what helps one person can damage another, even if the presenting problems of the two people seem comparable … (Nancy McWilliams, ‘04)

  15. Focused Groups • ~ these short term groups are specifically designed to change, alter or eliminate a group member’s self-destructive or self-defeating target behaviour • ~ usually highly supportive or confrontive • ~ this homogeneous groups look for similarities in order to mobilize compliance and behavioural change (Flores, 1997)

  16. Focused Groups • ~ have a high degree of structure • ~have a specific & limited target issue • ~ strongly goal – oriented • ~ efficiency valued (homework etc.) • ~ have a high educational function • ~ discourage attention to transference • (McKay and Paleg, 1992)

  17. Individually Oriented Groups • ~ uses the rest of the group as an auxiliary/audience while [the leader is] working sequentially with one group member at a time (Flores,’97) • ~ vehicle of change is an intrapsychic focus coupled with group leader intervention

  18. Interpersonal Change Groups • ~ the aim of this approach is to help members understand the effect their behaviour has on others and … how others’ behaviour affects them. … these groups place an emphasis on interpersonal interactions that occurs in the group (Flores, 1997)

  19. Interpersonal Change Groups • Interpersonal learning: • 1. the importance of interpersonal relationships • 2. the corrective emotional experience • The groups as a social microcosm. (Yalom, 1995)

  20. Psychodynamic Groups • This approach has a wide spectrum of influence and many diverse interpretations • There are three primary forces operating: 1) intrapsychic or individual dynamics, 2) interpersonal dynamics/system and 3) group as a whole.

  21. The Here and Now • ~Do not go around issues, go through them • ~ As group grows, let the members share this task of promoting the Here and Now. • ~ Members become more aware of their power, and increased self-esteem. (Goddard, 1998)

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