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Wilson’s Peace Plan

Wilson’s Peace Plan. How one man’s plan for peace wasn’t enough to secure it!. Peace Without Victory. Many, including Vladimir Lenin, said the entire war was nothing more than an imperialistic land-grab

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Wilson’s Peace Plan

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  1. Wilson’s Peace Plan How one man’s plan for peace wasn’t enough to secure it!

  2. Peace Without Victory • Many, including Vladimir Lenin, said the entire war was nothing more than an imperialistic land-grab • Jan. 1917 – Wilson introduced the idea of a “peace without victory” in an address to Congress • The idea was to secure victory without taking the losers’ land, money, and dignity • Jan 1918 - Wilson outlined America’s war aims known as the Fourteen Points

  3. Wilson’s Fourteen Points • Wilson wanted open diplomacy, not backroom deals • Wanted freedom of seas, free trade, an end of colonialism, and a reduction of arms • Wanted national self-determination • Asked for a League of Nations • Wilson himself represented the US in the peace conference in Versailles (outside Paris, France)

  4. Wilson’s Idealism is Picked Apart • Most Allied nations blamed Germany • The leaders insisted that the US didn’t suffer as much as the rest of Europe • Germany must pay reparations • Wanted to weaken Germany so it wouldn’t be a threat • France wanted to continue colonialism and to make Germany pay dearly for what it’d done to France • Other Allies had goals of their own and were skeptical of Wilson’s grand vision • Wilson was adamant about salvaging the League of Nations

  5. Germany Being Punished • Allied leaders carved up the German-Austrian lands into several different countries, which violated national self-determination • Several populations of Germans found themselves attached to non-German nations • The Ottoman Empire was broken up and ethnic groups were clustered together randomly • Iraq was created from three provinces – Basra, Baghdad, and Mosul • The various regions had no sense of Iraqi nationalism and wasn’t allowed to practice self-determination as it was a British mandate now

  6. America Rejects the Treaty • German Americans felt treaty was too harsh, especially the German “war guilt clause” • Irish Americans criticized the failure to create an independent Ireland • The Republican-controlled Senate opposed Wilson • Senator Henry Cabot Lodge led the “reservationists” who were opposed to the treaty as it was written • Article 10 could lead America into a war without the consent of Congress • Wilson went about the country giving 32 addresses in 33 days, but suffered a stroke and was barely able to speak • Wilson’s determination to have the treaty signed without any changes caused gridlock in the Senate • Wilson refused to compromise, which led to the failure of the League of Nations and the hope of peace in Europe

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