Institutional Opportunities for Cross-Border Cooperation between European Union

1. Institutional Opportunities for Cross-Border Cooperation between European Union and Western Ukraine Institutional Opportunities for Cross-Border Cooperation between European Union and Western Ukraine Tatiana Shaban University of Victoria

2. Institutional Opportunities for Cross-Border Cooperation between European Union and Western Ukraine What are Major Regional Challenges and Opportunities for European Integration in Ukraine? Why Cross-Border Cooperation policy?

3. Institutional Opportunities for Cross-Border Cooperation between European Union and Western Ukraine

4. Institutional Opportunities for Cross-Border Cooperation between European Union and Western Ukraine The more integrated stages of CBC enhance the quality of life in peripheral border regions, notably via investments in: innovation,healthcare, education, employment, labourmobility. The new 2014-2020 period will require each of the 60 programmes to be more focused in terms of results and priorities, in line with the reformed EU Cohesion Policy.   The EU funds will support all three objectives of the Ukrainian State Regional Development Strategy 2020: Competitiveness of Regions; Territorial Socio-Economic Cohesion and Effective State Governance of Regional Development. CBC covers horizontal and vertical structures of governance.

5. Institutional Opportunities for Cross-Border Cooperation between European Union and Western Ukraine The Need for Effective Governance in Ukraine: Constitutional reform. Local governance and DecentralisationReforms. What are the biggest obstacles facing effective local governance in Ukraine?: Not enough money; Capacity of officials; Not enough power; Corruption; Lack of citizen involvement; Cooperation with central government; Political parties struggle. The Need to Develop Trust in Governance: A new social contract between the state, business and society built on transparency, mutual trust, and the emergence of a public-service culture instead of the culture of corruption across Ukrainian institutions underpins transformational change in the economy; a stronger civil society can monitor internal reforms.

6. Institutional Opportunities for Cross-Border Cooperation between European Union and Western Ukraine • How Does the EU help Ukraine?…standing by Ukraine and helping with all challenges Ukraine faces. Challenges - where the EU has competences! • The Eastern neighbourhood as an arena in which the transition experience of ECE *former communist states in Europe, in particular* states may assist the process of integration with the EU. • The EU policies facilitate political activities during transformation processes and create opportunity structures for societal change.

7. Institutional Opportunities for Cross-Border Cooperation between European Union and Western Ukraine • Russia-Ukraine: The conflict with Russia created strong patriotic feelings and a renewed urgency to adopt reforms that will lead to Ukraine’s integration into Europe. • Russia-EU: How to make Russia happy?

8. Institutional Opportunities for Cross-Border Cooperation between European Union and Western Ukraine EU (CBC) Actors, EaP Instruments and Programs in (Western) Ukraine: European Investment Bank: UKRAINE EARLY RECOVERY, Signature date(s)22/12/2014 Total Amount EUR 200,000,000 Sector(s): • Energy: EUR 30,000,000 • Water, sewerage: EUR 30,000,000 • Composite infra: EUR 21,000,000 • Urban development: EUR 84,000,000 • Industry: EUR 35,000,000 European Council

9. Institutional Opportunities for Cross-Border Cooperation between European Union and Western Ukraine Support for Border Management Sector Policy in Ukraine for 2011-2015 *the amount of 60 million*. • Implementation of Development Concept “Reforming the Performance of the State Customs Service of Ukraine”. • Adoption of the Revised Customs Code and relevant secondary legislation. • Implementation of an Integrated Border Management Concept and Action Plan: Modernisation of the border infrastructure in line with the state target law enforcement programme 'Development and Reconstruction of the border until 2015 and the sector development strategy; Fight against corruption in State Border Guards and State Customs Service; Improvement of conditions in the temporary holding facilities for irregular migrants (system for early identification of asylum seekers, full observance of human rights).

10. Institutional Opportunities for Cross-Border Cooperation between European Union and Western Ukraine Total EU-Ukraine Budget since 1991: • Projects • Loans (EIB, Euroatom) • Twinning • Nuclear Safety Instrument • Grants (non-state actors, EIDHR) • Education (Erasmus+) • Cross-border cooperation programs • Community programs (example: Horizon 2020) TOTAL (since 1991): €8.2 bln (€3.5 bln as grants)

11. Institutional Opportunities for Cross-Border Cooperation between European Union and Western Ukraine Financial Challenges • 5 March 2014: new package of €11 bln Macro-financial assistance (two programs, total €1,61bln, paid €600 mln, next payments soon) State-building contract (total € 355 mln, paid €250 mln, €10 mln for NGOs). Adoption and implementation of a comprehensive reform of civil service and service in local self-government bodies focusing on European principles of public administration Sector Budget Support programs (areas, €355 mln) IMPORTANT: Conditions to be fulfilled

12. Institutional Opportunities for Cross-Border Cooperation between European Union and Western Ukraine Interdisciplinary Literature Debates and Findings. • Governance problems: lack of coordination, absence of benchmarks, timing and follow up (assessment criteria). The EU cooperation with Ukraine does not have an end goal which made it open to become more political than technical cooperation. • Conceptual problem in explanation of “shared values” and rule/norms transfer. ‘Socio-cultural gap’ in the values. • EU entrapped in cognitive change and socialization.

13. Institutional Opportunities for Cross-Border Cooperation between European Union and Western Ukraine • The journey can be, to varying degrees, especially long and hard, because becauseof weak institutions, and their weak traditions of cultural pluralism and the separation of powers. Authorities, especially the law enforcement and justice departments, including the police and security forces, as well as a wide range of representatives of civil society have to build trust in governance. It is important that the authorities make it clear that everyone is treated equally when it comes to justice and law enforcement. • EU can help combine all those dimensions and policy areas needed for change by using its *MLG* approach and policies, including CBC, based on solidarity actions of MS. To Conclude:

14. Thank You 