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New England Colonies

New England Colonies. England’s History. 1104-1189 King Henry II Common Law Judges pick best laws (not written, but sets precedent) Trial by jury. England’s History. 1199-1216 John High taxes, forced marriages, arbitrary arrests England’s worst king Barons revolted Magna Carta 1215

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New England Colonies

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  1. New England Colonies

  2. England’s History 1104-1189 King Henry II Common Law Judges pick best laws (not written, but sets precedent) Trial by jury

  3. England’s History 1199-1216 John High taxes, forced marriages, arbitrary arrests England’s worst king Barons revolted Magna Carta 1215 Makes king subject to law

  4. England’s History 1509 Henry VIII Breaks away from tyranny of Catholic Church

  5. England’s History 1558-1603 Elizabeth Protestant ruler Defeats Spanish Armada Marked end of Spanish control of seas

  6. England’s History Glorious Revolution 1603-1683 William and Mary rule Freely elected body Free debate Declaration of Rights (keep arms, trial by jury) Influences the Bill of Rights Ended chance of Catholicism being reestablished in England

  7. England’s History English Civil War 1640-1660 English monarchy replaced with commonwealth and protectorate Monopoly of Church of England ended Constitutionally established that England's monarch cannot govern without Parliament’s consent.

  8. Puritans Presbyterian-largest faction, most stayed in England, some settle in Pennsylvania and New Jersey Separatists- smallest, “elect”, radical, Pilgrims, Mayflower Non separating Congregationalists- called Puritans, settled Massachusetts Bay

  9. Puritan Beliefs • Covenants • Religion 24/7 • Predestination • Obsessed if finding if they’re elect • Sets precedent for capitalism. It’s okay to be rich. God is blessing you. • Secular governors accountable to God to protect, reward virtue, and punish wrongdoers

  10. Separatists 1620, Plymouth, William Bradford Want to separate from Church of England Mayflower Compact- first form of democratic government in America Squanto and Samoset teach how to grow corn, beans, pumpkin, hunting, fishing

  11. Mayflower Compact In the name of God, Amen. We, whose names are underwritten, the Loyal Subjects of our dread Sovereign Lord, King James, by the Grace of God, of England, France and Ireland, King defender of the Faith. Having undertaken for the Glory of God, and Advancement of the Christian Faith, and the Honour of our King and Country, a voyage to plant the first colony in the northern parts of Virginia; do by these presents, solemnly and mutually in the Presence of God and one of another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil Body Politick, for our better Ordering and Preservation, and Furtherance of the Ends aforesaid; And by Virtue hereof to enact, constitute, and frame, such just and equal Laws, Ordinances, Acts, Constitutions, and Offices, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the General good of the Colony; unto which we promise all due submission and obedience. In Witness whereof we have hereunto subscribed our names at Cape Cod the eleventh of November, in the Reign of our Sovereign Lord, King James of England, France and Ireland, the eighteenth , and of Scotland the fifty-fourth. Anno Domini, 1620.

  12. Puritans Wanted to reform the Church of England 1630, Massachusetts Bay Company, John Winthrop 1625 Charles I objected to reforms, persecution increases 1630s more than 15,000 Puritans come. Called the Great Migration. Rule of law, voting “For we must consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us.”

  13. New England Colonies Visible authoritative leaders Strong, patriarchal families Agriculture for food, not for money Strong social institutions (schools) Low mortality rate Rapid population growth Family labor

  14. Other Side of Puritanism Authoritarian Theocracy (leads to tyranny) Only church members could vote Only approved churches could gather Non members taxed to support church Harsh, intolerant, paranoid (Salem Witch Trials)

  15. Connecticut Minister Thomas Hooker didn’t agree with how Winthrop and other Puritan leaders ran Mass. Bay Left with followers to Connecticut Better land for farming Fundamental Orders of Connecticut- plan of government, first written constitution in America

  16. Rhode Island • Roger Williams and followers forced out of Massachusetts • Thought people should not be persecuted for religious practices • government shouldn’t force people to worship in a certain way • Wrong to take land from the Native Americans • Took refuge with the Narraganset people and they sold him land • Got a charter in 1644 • A place of religious toleration and a safe place for dissenters

  17. New Hampshire 1638 John Wheelwright Led a group of dissenters and founded New Hampshire

  18. Food for Thought The Puritan’s virtues made liberal democracy possible, and its vices made liberal democracy necessary.

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