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Water Pollution: Quantity and Quality

Water Pollution: Quantity and Quality. What is Water Pollution?. any physical (temperature, oxygen), chemical (mercury), or biological (disease, sewage) change to water that adversely effects its use by living things. Cuyahoga River, Ohio.

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Water Pollution: Quantity and Quality

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  1. Water Pollution: Quantity and Quality www.assignmentpoint.com

  2. What is Water Pollution? any physical (temperature, oxygen), chemical (mercury), or biological (disease, sewage) change to water that adversely effects its use by living things www.assignmentpoint.com

  3. Cuyahoga River, Ohio Some river! Chocolate-brown, oily, bubbling with subsurface gases, it oozes rather than flows. "Anyone who falls into the Cuyahoga does not drown," Cleveland's citizens joke grimly. "He decays.” Time Magazine, August 1969 November 1952 www.assignmentpoint.com

  4. Groundwater Pollution www.assignmentpoint.com

  5. Types of Water Pollution Measured in: Percent (%) Parts per thousand (‰) Parts per million (ppm) Parts per billion (ppb) Biological Chemical Physical www.assignmentpoint.com

  6. Biological Water Pollution Direct (microbes in water): Typhoid, cholera, dysentery, hepatitis… Infectious Disease(Pathogens) Oxygen-Demanding Waste Entamoeba histolytica www.assignmentpoint.com

  7. Biological Water Pollution Indirect (Water breeding carriers):malaria, yellow fever, west nile virus… Infectious Disease(Pathogens) Oxygen-Demanding Waste Treehole mosquito (carried La Crosse ensephalitis) www.assignmentpoint.com

  8. Water Borne Disease www.assignmentpoint.com

  9. U.S. Water Borne Disease www.assignmentpoint.com

  10. Coliform Test Detection: • Solutions: • Sewage treatment • Immunization www.assignmentpoint.com

  11. Biological Water Pollution Infectious Disease(Pathogens) Oxygen-Demanding Waste www.assignmentpoint.com

  12. Dissolved Oxygen Added by: turbulent water and photosynthesis Removed by: Increased temperature (exsolution) and respiration/decomposition Good: > 6 ppm (mosquitoes can survive in 1 ppm)(also measured in % of maximum - Good = 60-80%) www.assignmentpoint.com

  13. Dissolved Carbon Dioxide Added by: respiration/decomposition & weathered rock Removed by: Increased temperature (exsolution) and photosynthesis Good: 1-10 ppm (usually about 1 ppm) www.assignmentpoint.com

  14. Oxygen Sag www.assignmentpoint.com

  15. Measuring DO and other chemical properties www.assignmentpoint.com

  16. Chemical Water Pollution Nutrients (Fertilizers) Toxic Inorganic Materials Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP’s) Nitrogen, phosphorous www.assignmentpoint.com

  17. Eutrophication & Blue Baby Syndrome Dissolved inorganic nitrogen in Baltic Sea www.assignmentpoint.com

  18. Nitrates • Typically: 0.1-4 ppm • Unpolluted usually below 1 ppm • Sewage pollution increase up to 20 ppm www.assignmentpoint.com

  19. Chemical Water Pollution • Heavy metals • mercury,lead, tin… • Super Toxic Elements • Arsenic, selenium… • Acids, salts, chlorine • Radioactive Isotopes Nutrients (Fertilizers) Toxic Inorganic Materials Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP’s) www.assignmentpoint.com

  20. Arsenic in U.S. Waters www.assignmentpoint.com

  21. Some We Will Measure • Copper • natural, fungicides, insecticides, copper pipes • can be lethal to some at 0.1 ppb, algae – 1-10 ppb, fish 500ppb • water standard 0.3 ppm • Acidity (pH) • 6.5-8.2 normal (rainwater is usually a little acidic) • >9 – harmful to fish (inc. salmon) • <5.5 releases metals in seds, bacteria die and organics don’t decay • <5 insects die and fish eggs don’t hatch • <4 lethal to adult salmon www.assignmentpoint.com

  22. Some We Will Measure • Salinity • Saltwater 3.5% • Freshwater 1-500 ppm • usually >100 ppm is bad for freshwater organisms • >250 ppm tastes salty (max for drinking water) • Total Dissolved Solids • (Ca,Mg,Hco3, NH4, NO3, PO4, SO4, Na, Cl, Na, K) • from dissolved rock, fertilizer, urban runoff, irrigation, acid rainfall • “watchdog”– high numbers or rapid changes may indicate problem • typically 50-250 ppm • Drinking water must be below 500 ppm www.assignmentpoint.com

  23. Chemical Water Pollution Nutrients (Fertilizers) Toxic Inorganic Materials Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP’s) www.assignmentpoint.com

  24. Artificial Chemicals www.assignmentpoint.com

  25. The Dirty Dozen www.assignmentpoint.com

  26. Physical Water Pollution Sediment Thermal Pollution Solid Waste Yellow River, China Chattahoochee River, GA www.assignmentpoint.com

  27. Measured in: • NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Units) • Normal levels: 1-50 NTU • Drinking Water: 0.5-1 NTU • Visible: >5 NTU • Higher during storms www.assignmentpoint.com

  28. Physical Water Pollution • Causes: • industry • dams • removal of vegetation Sediment Thermal Pollution Solid Waste Optimum – Fish 5-20°C (salmon <12°C) www.assignmentpoint.com

  29. Physical Water Pollution Sediment Thermal Pollution Solid Waste www.assignmentpoint.com

  30. Pollution Sources:Point Source Sewage pipes Leaky gas tanks Industrial sites Injection wells www.assignmentpoint.com

  31. Pollution Sources:Nonpoint Source Agriculture (soil, fertilizer,pesticides) Urban runoff (from pavement) Construction sites Air Pollution www.assignmentpoint.com

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