Understanding the Impact of HIV on the Immune System

1. 31.6 Diseases that Weaken the Immune System 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 67 • Topic: 31.6 Diseases that Weaken the Immune System • Essential Question(s): 1.How do HIV and AIDS differ? KEY CONCEPTWhen the immune system is weakened, the body cannot fight off diseases

2. Pg. 66 HIV/AIDS Video Notes HIV Make sure to take NOTES on all videos!!! You will be writing a summary of how HIV affects the immune system for homework. Homework: Summary of HIV’s Affect on Immune System

3. Respond P. 67 Why might a person with a compromised immune system be unable to fight off a disease? Their immune system is not fighting off the pathogens. If the body cannot fight off pathogens they will get sick.

4. KEY CONCEPTWhen the immune system is weakened, the body cannot fight off disease.

5. Opportunistic infections: • Infections where if the immune system were healthy, it would be able to fight these infections • occur because white blood cells cannot fight infections Diseases that weaken the immune system lead to:

6. Pg. 66 • Create a small bubble map including everything you ALREADY know about HIV. HIV

7. HIV/AIDS Intro 3m13s

8. The human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) • is a retrovirus (has RNA instead of DNA as its genetic material) • HIV reproduces in, and destroys T cells • The body cannot replace T cells fast enough and T cells cannot help in immune responses • Therefore, immune system becomes weakened • is transmitted by mixing infected blood with a bodily fluid

9. The Medical Mechanics of HIV 2m7s

10. Ways to get HIV • Sexual intercourse (semen/vaginal fluid) • Mother to child (umbilical cord and/or breast milk) • Blood to blood contact (sharing needles/blood transfusion)

11. deadT cell T cell activatedB cell antibody HIV HIV and Immune Response 3m51s • Why can’t our bodies fight off infections such as HIV or Hepatitis C?

12. SIV: Simian Immunodeficiency virus • Found in 45 species of non-human primates • Has been present for at least 32,000 years • Causes NO disease in most of the primates • Certain primates may end up with AIDS like symptoms Origin of HIV? (THEORY) • The hunter may have been bitten or cut creating cross species contamination • May have mutated from SIV to HIV once inside the human body • FIV: Feline Immunodeficiency virus • Not typically fatal • Can be tolerated by the cat’s immune system for years • May cause AIDS like symptoms over time

13. HIV infection leads to AIDS. Percent of people in Africa with HIV 1999-2001

14. HIVs Not So Ancient History Reading

15. AIDS is Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. • Immune system is worn out • very low amount of T cells • Medicine slows, but does not cure • ALWAYS results in death • Several opportunistic infections are usually the cause of death: • Pneumonia • Viral infections • Cancers • tuberculosis

19. Evolution of HIV reading (20 mins) • Highlight important information regarding the evolution/immunity of HIV • Summarize the answers to each of the three Key questions posed in the reading. (If you HAD to answer each question in 1-2 sentences, how would you answer?) • Class discussion

20. Homework • Using your class notes and video notes, please write a summary of how HIV affects the immune system. • At least 5 sentences • Include an illustration

21. The Man Who Couldn’t Catch AIDS 2m36s

22. Using any notes/video notes/articles/book/background knowledge/internet on phones- please create an ad poster/brochure/newspaper warning of the dangers of HIV/AIDS • A few ideas for your poster: • A factual guide or brochure about HIV/AIDS • The evolutionary origins or natural resistance to HIV/AIDS • HIV/AIDS Prevention (lifestyle choices etc…) • MUST HAVE ILLUSTRATIONS • GOOD Ad Campaigns have slogans or catchy phrases • Somewhere in your campaign, you need to have 3-4 paragraphs educating the reader about HIV/AIDS • Include: Origin of HIV, HIV's effect on the body (feel free to use your previous paragraph), how we can contract HIV as well as prevention methods. HIV/AIDS Ad Campaign (40-50 mins)

23. Exploring the link between the Black Death and HIV immunity The Mystery of the Black Death begins in September of 1665, when a tailor in the secluded English village of Eyam opened a flea-infested shipment of fabric from London. In a matter of days, the tailor and much of the village were suffering the telltale signs of bubonic plague, the disease that, in the first five years since its arrival, had wiped out a third of the European population. To prevent the outbreak from spreading throughout the region, the whole town was quarantined -- no one was allowed in or out. Outsiders assumed that the bacteria would simply wipe out the entire village. But they were wrong. Three hundred and fifty years later, Dr. Stephen O'Brien, a geneticist from the National Institutes of Health in Washington, D.C., is delving into the reasons why some individuals managed to survive the excruciating Black Death while others were dying all around them. Following O'Brien as he takes DNA samples and investigates historical records and family archives, the film sheds light on the resistance to the plague, and reveals a stunning legacy that the plague survivors passed on to their descendents -- a similar resistance to the modern-day scourge of AIDS. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRrolqaU7fA&safe=active

24. Review: Secrets of the Dead: Mystery of the Black Death • Review answers with your table • Students will be called on RANDOMLY to answer the questions

25. 31.6 Diseases that Weaken the Immune System 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 69 • Topic: 31.6 Diseases that Weaken the Immune System • Essential Question(s): 1. How does leukemia affect a person’s entire body?

26. Bone marrow is a tissue found within bones. • Marrow makes RBC/WBC and platelets • New blood cells replace mature ones that die But, sometimes, blood cells do not mature properly…

27. Leukemia is cancer of the bone marrow. • Unlike other cancers, leukemia does not form tumors, instead it prevents the bone marrow from functioning properly

28. How does Leukemia weaken the immune system? • Bone marrow produces immature WBC • In an effort to replace defective WBCs, the bone marrow overproduces WBCs (all of which do not work) • Bone marrow spends all its time making WBCs and makes fewer RBCs and platelets which are needed for proper health

29. Types Diagnosis Leukemia Symptoms Treatment Causes Pg. 68 Homework: Summary of Leukemia’s Affect on Immune System

30. Leukemia Informational Video 6m30s • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FJOYAaygQFE • Please add to your notes on leukemia to your bubble-map using the many facts that are provided in the video. (Top of 68) • You will later use this information to write a summary of the effects that leukemia has on the body.

31. Leukemia Treatment Options • Patients are treated with large doses of chemotherapy and radiation in order to kill all of the abnormal bone marrow cells • Bone marrow transplant the cancerous bone marrow must be replaced with healthy bone marrow. • If the transplant is successful, the donor marrow will make healthy blood cells!

32. Bone Marrow Biopsy 3m22s • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svTQ-zJHY9M • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YuirlplSfBU Bone Marrow Transplant 2m55s

33. Problems with bone marrow transplants… • The donor marrow can make antibodies against the host’s healthy tissues • Chemotherapy and radiation kill both the cancerous cells AND the healthy cells leaving the immune system weak • Immune system is then open to catching opportunistic infections

34. Why Charlie Brown? Why? (Parts 1-3) Approx 24 mins • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sSkAzKZaUnM • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3qaiM0TKgeQ • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QGoLJvmUTdM • A 1990 Peanuts episode introducing children to Leukemia. • The idea for Why, Charlie Brown, Why? was conceived by Sylvia Cook, a registered nurse at the Stanford Children's Hospital. In December 1985, Cook sent a letter to Charles M. Schulz, asking him to produce a short animated film about cancer for young patients featuring the Peanuts characters. • Cancer was a subject with which Schulz was familiar; his mother Dena had died of cancer when he was in his twenties, and Schulz himself would succumb to colon cancer in 2000. The special has been shown in hospitals and in public education systems, primarily elementary schools and junior high schools, as a method for explaining the subject to children

35. Leukemia Comic • As a table, please look over the Leukemia comic provided • This is a comic that is given to children with Leukemia to help them figure out what is happening to them

36. Leukemia- True Story • In Britain it is spelled “Leukaemia” • Please read “Last Christmas saw the Kelly Family Facing the Unthinkable” • Highlight any important information Answer the following questions: • What showed up in Ryan’s blood work that made his family concerned? • Is one negative biopsy enough to discount leukemia? • What sorts of help does the Leukaemia Foundation offer to families with sick members? • What types of treatment did Ryan get?

37. Classwork- Bottom of Pg. 68 • Using your class notes and video notes, please write a summary of how Leukemia affects the immune system. • At least 5 sentences • Include an illustration