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INTRODUCTION TO REGIONAL ANATOMY

INTRODUCTION TO REGIONAL ANATOMY. Kaan Yücel M.D., Ph.D . 24. September 201 3 Tuesday. topographical anatomy. organization of the human body as major parts or segments. Head N eck T runk t horax , abdomen, back, & pelvis/perineum U pper limbs & lower limbs.

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INTRODUCTION TO REGIONAL ANATOMY

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  1. INTRODUCTION TO REGIONALANATOMY Kaan Yücel M.D., Ph.D. 24. September2013 Tuesday

  2. topographical anatomy organization of the human body as major parts or segments Head Neck Trunk thorax, abdomen, back, & pelvis/perineum Upper limbs & lower limbs Anterioraspect of theleg

  3. Cavities in the body Diaphragm divides body cavity into thoracic & abdominopelviccavities. Mediastinumcontains all structures of the thoracic cavity except the lungs.

  4. Ventral Body Cavity Membranes • Parietal serosa lines internal body walls. • Visceral serosa covers the internal organs. • Cavity between two membranes filled with lubricating serous fluid that is produced by the membranes.

  5. Serous Membranes: Named for Their Specific Cavities& Organs • Pericardium refers to heart. • Pleura refers to lungs and thoracic cavity. • Peritoneum refers to abdominopelvic cavity.

  6. Other Body Cavities • Oral and digestive – mouth and cavities of the digestive organs • Nasal –located within and posterior to the nose • Orbital – house the eyes • Middle ear – contain bones (ossicles) that transmit sound vibrations • Synovial – joint cavities

  7. reGIONSin the body • Head & neck • Upperlimb • Thorax • Abdomen • Back • Pelvis &Perineum • Lowerlimb

  8. HEAD Neurocranium Skeleton of theface

  9. NECK transitional area between base of the cranium superiorly clavicles inferiorly joins the head to the trunk and limbs major conduit for structures passing between them. several important organs with unique functions located here

  10. UPPER LIMB • shoulder, arm, elbow, forearm, wrist, and hand • Shoulder • area of upper limb attachment to trunk • Arm • between shoulder & elbow joint • Forearm • between elbow joint & wrist joint • Hand • distal to the wrist joint

  11. UPPER LIMB SHOULDER proximal segment of the limb overlaps parts of the trunk (thorax and back) and lower lateral neck Bone framework of the shoulder clavicle and scapula, form the pectoral girdle (shoulder girdle); proximal end of the humerus

  12. UPPER LIMB SHOULDER overlies half of the pectoral girdle. pectoral (shoulder) girdle a bony ring formed by scapulae and clavicles completed anteriorly by theupperpartof the sternum

  13. UPPER LIMB • AXILLA area of transition between the neck and the arm Formed by Clavicle Scapula Upperthoracic wall Humerus Related muscles

  14. UPPER LIMB Arm first segment of the free upper limb between shoulder & elbow Humerus Forearm second longest segment of the limb between elbow & wrist (L. carpus) Radius&Ulna

  15. Hand L. manus part of the upper limb distal to the forearm UPPER LIMB • Wrist • Palm • Dorsum of hand • Digits (fingers)

  16. THORAX between the neck and abdomen • .

  17. THORAcIC SKELETON • forms the osteocartilaginous thoracic cage • protectsthe thoracic viscera and some abdominal organs. 12 pairs of ribs &associated costal cartilages 12 thoracic vertebrae & intervertebral discs Sternum

  18. ABDOMEN • between thorax & pelvis (pelvic inlet) • organs of the alimentary system and part of the urogenital system • Containment of the abdominal organs and their contents • provided by musculoaponeurotic walls anterolaterally, diaphragmsuperiorly, muscles of the pelvis inferiorly

  19. BACK posterior aspect of the body provides the musculoskeletal axis of support for the trunk. Bony elements mainlyvertebrae + proximal elements of the ribs + superior aspects of the pelvic bones + posterior basal regions of the skull

  20. BACK spinal cord and proximal parts of the spinal nerves send and receive information to and from most of the body.

  21. PELVIS • from the pelvic inlet to the pelvic diaphragm part of the trunk inferoposterior to abdomen area of transition between trunk & lower limbs pelvic cavity inferiormostpart of the abdominopelviccavity • PERINEUM • between the sex organs and the anus

  22. PelvIcgIrdle Pelvissurrounded by the pelvic girdle (bony pelvis) formed by three bones Right and left hip bones (coxal bones; pelvic bones) fusion of three bones, the ilium, ischium, and pubis Sacrum connects the vertebral column to the two femora

  23. LOWER LIMB • Gluteal region • between the iliac crest and the fold of skin (gluteal fold) • Thigh • Knee • Leg • Ankle • Foot

  24. GLUTEAL REGION LOWER LIMB transitional region between the trunk and free lower limbs

  25. FEMORAL REGION LOWER LIMB between gluteal, abdominal, and perineal regions proximally knee region distally most of the femur (thigh bone)

  26. KNEE REGION LOWER LIMB distal femur and proximal tibia head of the fibula patella (knee cap joints between these bony structures posterior region of the knee (L. poples) popliteal fossa

  27. LOWER LIMB Legregion between knee joint & ankle joint most of the tibia (shin bone) fibula (calf bone) Ankle region (L. tarsus) talocruralregion (L. regiotalocruralis) Foot (L. pes) or foot region (L. regiopedis) distal part of the lower limb

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