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3D Modelling

3D Modelling. Week 1 Principles of parametric modelling. Today. The learning outcomes The structure of the module The assessments The principles of parametric modelling 3D space Coordinates Axes 3D primitives VRML X3D. Why this module?. Temporal Modelling Research Group

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3D Modelling

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  1. 3D Modelling Week 1 Principles of parametric modelling

  2. Today • The learning outcomes • The structure of the module • The assessments • The principles of parametric modelling • 3D space • Coordinates • Axes • 3D primitives • VRML • X3D 3D Modelling Tools

  3. Why this module? • Temporal Modelling Research Group • What do you think we research? • Tutors for this module • Robina Hetherington • Brian Farrimond 3D Modelling Tools

  4. My dissertation – an example • I wanted to do something with the web • Maybe XML • I am an architect • Model a building over the web? • Is this research? • Model a building over time over the web? • New standard X3D, which is an application of XML • Dissertation did two things • Examined the relationship of X3D with XML • Explored the data structures involved in displaying buildings at different times • Is this research? 3D Modelling Tools

  5. This module • Is about learning how to model in 3D • Using software to generate a model • Manipulate in a programming environment 3D Modelling Tools

  6. Learning outcomes • To research, develop and advance their knowledge and understanding of the application of 3D modelling in digital media systems • To demonstrate self-direction and originality in tackling and solving problems in the creation of 3D models, and act autonomously in planning and implementing a series of models of increasing complexity • To demonstrate systematic and appropriate use of a 3D library within a programming language 3D Modelling Tools

  7. Materials covered • Software for development and distribution of 3D • 3D modelling tools • 3D graphics programming APIs • Geometric principles of parametric modelling • Methods of rendering • Material properties • Lighting and shadows • Cameras • Animation • Integration and distribution of models within digital media • Hardware for 3D rendering 3D Modelling Tools

  8. Reading • Giambruno M, (2002) 3D Graphics & Animation, 2nd Edition, New Riders, ISBN: 0-7357-1243-3 • Directed reading • Tutorial booklet • OpenGL booklet 3D Modelling Tools

  9. Structure • Lectures and demonstrations • Self study tutorials • You are expected to spend 150 hours on this module 3D Modelling Tools

  10. FML 409 software • 3ds studio max version 7 • Microsoft Office • Notepad • Visual C++ • GLUT • Internet Explorer • Flux • Cosmo • Cortona 3D Modelling Tools

  11. Assessment • Presentation 20% • Portfolio 80% 3D Modelling Tools

  12. Presentation • You are to prepare a presentation which explores different methods to display in a webpage and manipulate in real-time 3D models • Note that this is NOT about the generation of a model using software such as 3ds Max, but the display of models over the WWW. • You are expected to research at least two different methods and make a recommendation for use in your own portfolio work • You should illustrate these methods by demonstrating an example of each 3D Modelling Tools

  13. Your presentation • 10 minutes • Give your tutor • a printout, 3 slides per page • an electronic copy on disc • It should include screen shots of the applications • Be fully referenced • Harvard • Need to identify • Information from others • Conclusions from others 3D Modelling Tools

  14. Discussion • What is meant by real-time? • Give examples of methods of displaying models • Give examples of applications • What criteria would you consider in a critical comparison? • How would you measure success? 3D Modelling Tools

  15. Presentation assessment • Higher marks will be given for the demonstration of a critical awareness of the role of software, the technologies used, and the end use of the application. • You should draw your own conclusion as the success, technical complexity and visual impact of the application. 3D Modelling Tools

  16. Portfolio • Create a series of non-trivial and novel 3D applications • Build upon concepts taught in the tutorials • Submission of paper screenshots • Submission of electronic version • On the disc you are expected to provide: • Webpages with critical reflection and links to your models • Your models • Copy of your presentation 3D Modelling Tools

  17. What is 3D? • 3D graphics -2D representation of 3D objects – flattened • Objects exist in the memory of the computer • No physical form • Numbers and mathematical formulas 3D Modelling Tools

  18. 3D software • Enables you to create a scene, fill it full of objects • Apply materials to the objects • Lighting • Virtual cameras • Animation • View • Make a video • Export as a 3D model 3D Modelling Tools

  19. How are 3D models used? • Think of examples of 3D models used in computer systems • How are they used? • Are you impressed? 3D Modelling Tools

  20. Film and TV • Until recently the industry used matte paintings, hand-built models or full sized props • 1982 - TRON used 3D animation • 1993 - Jurassic Park used 3D animation • 1995 – Toystory completely CG • Computer Graphics • Commercials • News graphics • Historical reconstructions 3D Modelling Tools

  21. Applications Demos of products 3d immersive worlds Virtual history Training Medical applications Design and engineering Games Methods Movie VRML QuickTime VR Java 3D Director/Shockwave Others The Web 3D Modelling Tools

  22. Gaming • Animation in motion video • Quality and richness • Real-time 3D graphics • Pay off between detail and speed and responsiveness 3D Modelling Tools

  23. Operating systems • Sun • Looking glass • Windows • Longhorn 3D UI Sun - Looking Glass (2005 3D Modelling Tools

  24. Activity • Look at: www.virginmobile.com/mobile/ www.bbc.co.uk/history/multimedia_zone/virtual_tours/ www.sun.com/software/looking_glass/details.html www.qtvr.co.uk/ • Suggestions? • Games • Movies 3D Modelling Tools

  25. Active 3D worlds Advantages Immersive environment Free movement Disadvantages Rendering Specialist software? Hardware? Passive Movies Advantages Level of detail Disadvantages Restricted view Two types of virtual reality 3D Modelling Tools

  26. Your first portfolio • Create a VRML model using Notepad of a simple room constructed from primitive shapes, consisting of three walls and a floor. Insert a table constructed of two or more cylinders and a light • Due in Week 2 • A screen shot of your model rendered in a browser. • Final submission • Embedded into a website, plus discussion 3D Modelling Tools

  27. It should look something like… 3D Modelling Tools

  28. Today • Parametric modelling • 3D space • Coordinates • Axes • 3D primitives • VRML • X3D 3D Modelling Tools

  29. VRML • Virtual Reality Modelling Language • VRML is a scene description language • Simple ascii text files which can be parsed by a VRML interpreter • VRML browsers • Cosmo • Cortona • Flux • Can be exported from most 3D modelling software • .wrl extension 3D Modelling Tools

  30. VRML • Virtual Reality Modelling Language • Designed to be the three-dimensional modelling equivalent of HTML • World Wide Web conference in Geneva in 1994 • VRML 1.0 specification was released in May 1995 • VRML 2.0, quickly replaced by VRML97 3D Modelling Tools

  31. Tony Parisi 1999 • Where did VRML go wrong? • Buggy browsers • Big plug-in downloads • Interoperability of content • “…..that no amount of technology, no matter how good, is relevant without compelling applications that solve real problems. The logic of it seems simple enough—if technology isn’t useful, who’s going to use it? “ Tony Parisi (1999) 3D Modelling Tools

  32. X3D • Developed collaboratively by the Web3D Consortium • Evolutionary Successor to VRML97 • Adds: • New features • Additional data encoding formats • Stricter conformance • Componentized architecture 3D Modelling Tools

  33. X3D • Evolution of VRML 97 • Application of XML • VRML was badly implemented by browsers • Inconsistent views • Componentized • But not widely used • Currently cannot export from major 3D modelling software • .x3d extension 3D Modelling Tools

  34. VRML #VRML V2.0 utf8 # A cylinder Shape { appearance Appearance { material Material { diffuseColor 1 0 0 } } geometry Cylinder { height 2 radius 5 } } X3D <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <X3D profile="Full"> <head/> <Scene> <Shape> <Appearance> <Material diffuseColor="1 0 0"/> </Appearance> <Cylinder height="2" radius="5"/> </Shape> </Scene> </X3D> A cylinder Comment 3D Modelling Tools

  35. Activity • Open cylinder.wrl • Change the colour • Change the sizes • View in a browser • Open cylinder.x3d • Change the colour • Change the sizes • View in a browser 3D Modelling Tools

  36. VRML #VRML V2.0 utf8 #A box Shape { appearance Appearance { material Material { } } geometry Box { size 2.0 2.0 2.0 } } X3D <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <X3D profile="Full"> <head/> <Scene> <Shape> <Appearance> <Material diffuseColor="0 1 0"/> </Appearance> <Box size="2 2 2"/> </Shape> </Scene> </X3D> A box 3D Modelling Tools

  37. VRML #VRML V2.0 utf8 Shape { appearance Appearance { material Material { diffuseColor 1 1 1} } geometry Sphere { radius 0.15 } } X3D <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <X3D profile="Full"> <head/> <Scene> <Shape> <Appearance> <Material diffuseColor=“1 1 1"/> </Appearance> <Sphere radius=“0.15"/> </Shape> </Scene> </X3D> A sphere 3D Modelling Tools

  38. Activity • Open box.wrl • Change the colour • Change the sizes • View in a browser • Open box.x3d • Change the colour • Change the sizes • View in a browser 3D Modelling Tools

  39. 3D space • Every point in 3D space is defined by 3 coordinates • A cube shaped “cyberspace” • At the centre is the origin • 0,0,0 Origin point (0,0,0) 3D Modelling Tools

  40. Y+ Z- Origin point 0, 0, 0 X- X+ Z+ Y- Coordinate and axes • Coordinates • Each point is defined by 3 numbers, coordinates • X, Y, Z • Width, height and depth • Axes • Imaginary line in cyberspace • Width axis X runs horizontally • Height axis Y is vertical • Depth axis Z travels front to back 3D Modelling Tools

  41. Y+ Z- Origin point 0, 0, 0 X- X+ Z+ Y- World coordinate system • By default, all shapes are built at the origin of the world coordinate system • If I have a box geometry Box { size 2.0 2.0 2.0 } • What are the coordinates of the 8 points? 3D Modelling Tools

  42. Transform • A transform creates a coordinate system that can be • Positioned • Rotated • Scaled • Relative to a parent coordinate system 3D Modelling Tools

  43. Transform syntax • Translation positions a coordinate system in X, Y, and Z • VRML Transform { translation 0 0 1 children [ : ] } • X3D <Transform translation="0 0 1"> : </Transform> 3D Modelling Tools

  44. Y+ Z- Origin point 0, 0, 0 X- X+ Z+ Y- Viewpoints • A position in cyberspace that represents the user’s location • Viewing plane • Imaginary flat panel that defines the limits of the user’s sight • Everything else is ‘clipped off’ Viewpoint Viewing plane 3D Modelling Tools

  45. VRML Viewpoint { description "First" position 0 2 10 } Viewpoint { description "Second" position 0 2 20 } X3D <Viewpoint description="First" position="0 2 10"/> <Viewpoint description="Second" position="0 2 20"/> Viewpoints 3D Modelling Tools

  46. Background • VRML Background { groundAngle [ 1.396,1.571 ] groundColor [ 1 1 1, 0 0.8 0.5, 0 0.5 0.3 ] skyAngle [ 0.785, 1.571 ] skyColor [ 0 0 0.5, 0 0 1, 1 1 1 ] } • X3D <Background groundAngle="1.396,1.571“ groundColor="1 1 1, 0 0.8 0.5, 0 0.5 0.3" skyAngle="0.785, 1.571" skyColor="0 0 0.5, 0 0 1, 1 1 1"/> 3D Modelling Tools

  47. Activity • Open portfolio1.wrl • Change the colour • Change the sizes • View in a browser • Add another cylinder (s), transform it to make a simple table • Add 3 boxes to form a floor and 2 walls • Change the colours 3D Modelling Tools

  48. Add some light #lamp Transform { translation 0 1 0 children [ PointLight { location 0.0 0.0 0.0 radius 10.0 intensity 1.0 ambientIntensity 0.2 color 1 0.95 0.8 } Shape { appearance Appearance { material Material {diffuseColor 1 1 1} } geometry Sphere { radius 0.15 } } ] } 3D Modelling Tools

  49. Embedding in a web page • Uses ActiveX <object classid="clsid:06646724-bcf3-11d0-9518-00c04fc2dd79" width="50%" height="50%"> <param name="src“ value="tower.wrl"> </object> • Warning - with XP service pack you may get a warning about blocked content 3D Modelling Tools

  50. Plug-ins • Cortona only VRML <OBJECT CLASSID="clsid:86A88967-7A20-11D2-8EDA-00600818EDB1"> • Cosmo Player only VRML <OBJECT CLASSID=" clsid:06646724-bcf3-11d0-9518-00c04fc2dd79"> • FLUXVRML and X3D <OBJECT CLASSID="clsid:918B202D-8E8F-4649-A70B-E9B178FEDC58"> 3D Modelling Tools

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