QUICK WRITE/REVIEW

1. QUICK WRITE/REVIEW Connect the following events. How do fit together historically? Use (and underline) as many vocabulary terms as you can think of. Write for 10 minutes. • Enlightenment • Crusades • Reformation

2. Africa and the Slave Trade

3. I. European Contact With Africa • Late 1400s, Portugal established factories(forts and trading posts) along coast of Africa • Traded with local rulers and often provided military support • Missionaries attempted to convert rulers of Benin, Kongo, and other Africa kingdoms • 17th century – Dutch, French, English begin competing for access to Africa • Initial contact focused on trade, not permanent settlements • Slave trade developed slowly, along with other aspects of trade/exchange • Gold, pepper, ivory

4. II. Slave Trade • While slavery had all but disappeared in most of Europe, Portugal had kept the institution alive • Transferred practice to New World • Between 1450 and 1850, 12 million Africans shipped to Americas • 10-20% died along the way • Middle Passage – name of slave voyage to Americas • Overcrowded, unsanitary conditions • Often led to death, suicide, rebellions • Mostly men were shipped – more likely to survive • Local African rulers worked with Europeans for trade of slaves/goods

5. II. Continued… • Directly linked to plantation and mining economies of Americas • Triangular trade – slaves to America, goods to Europe, European goods to Africa

6. III. Effect on African Societies • Europeans exploited already existing forms of servitude • Women were center of African slavery • Nonbelievers sold into slavery in Muslim lands • Slavery used as form of labor control and wealth • African rulers anxious to acquire more slaves and trade with Europeans for guns/goods • Societies of interior sought to expand to reach coasts, where slave trade was centered • Conflicts emerge among African societies as competition increases • Demographic (populations) shift – less men, more women • Many strong states emerged during time period as result of contact with/influence from Europeans and slave trade • Examples: Asante, Dahomey CHALLENGE QUESTION!

7. IV. Diaspora and End of Slave Trade • Diaspora – scattering of people from homelands • Affected lives of Africans all over world, linked Africa to rest of world • African culture was brought to new areas, mixed with other traditions • Religion – slaves converted to Catholicism by Spaniards/Portuguese, converted to Protestant religions in North America • African religions did not disappear – practices called obeahin English Caribbean islands • Examples: Vodunin Haiti, candomble in Brazil

8. IV. Continued… • End of Slave Trade • Abolition of the slave trade occurred for a variety of reasons: • Enlightenment thinking • Christian humanitarianism – William Wilberforce • Industrial revolution • Slave trade became more risky, less important than trade of other commodities • Brazil last to abolish slavery in 1888

9. EXIT TICKET Without using your notes, answer the following questions in complete sentences: • Who were the first Europeans to participate in the African slave trade? • What was the main difference between the slave trade to the Americas, and the older system of slave trade that existed in Africa? • Describe two reasons that account for the end of the slave trade.

10. CHALLENGE QUESTION! Use your textbook to find information about Asante and Dahomey societies. • How did the slave trade affect these societies? Address the POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, & SOCIAL developments. BACK

11. COMPARISON READING • Make a list of obvious similarities and differences between the two accounts. • Answer in complete sentences: What accounts for the different points of view? As an outsider, which one is more reliable?