Results-based Management An overview

1. Results-based ManagementAn overview

2. Results-based Management: An Overview What is RBM? Why RBM? The Log Frame Indicators

3. What is results based management? A management approach aimed at ensuring that activities achieve desired results Performancemonitoring is a critical element • How well are results being achieved • What measures are needed to improve the process

4. RBM in practice What are the 2 main benefits/advantages and 2 limitations/challenges in using RBM? (1 benefit / challenge per card) 10mn

5. What is results based management? A management approach aimed at ensuring that activities achieve desired results Performancemonitoring is a critical element • How well are results being achieved • What measures are needed to improve the process

6. What is a Result ? A describable or measurable change resulting from a cause and effect relationship - UNDG agreed RBM terminology

7. General Challenges: Applying RBM • Difficult to apply causal logic • Different definitions • Difficult to integrate cross cutting issues • Difficult to revise • Difficult to measure

8. Why RBM? Stated rationale/intended gains: • Improved focus / clarity on results instead of activities • Improved transparency & accountability • Improved monitoring of programme achievements

9. Common elements of RBM • Use of causality and causal (if…then) logic and problem analysis • Structuring of programmes/projects around a hierarchy of desired results • Use of change language • Costing of results (RBB) rather than isolated activity budgeting • Regular monitoring & performance evaluation against planned results with use of indicators

10. Strategic Priority Setting • for UN Country Teams • MD/MDGs/ • International norms • Major Challenge • UNCT Comparative Advantage • Alignment of key actors to support UNCT action • 2 • 1 • 3 • 4 • Top strategic priority • Potential high priority: use negotiation/consensus building to seek alignment • Potential high priority: draw on regional/global UN capacity where feasible 4. Lower priority: does not meet major challenge

11. Terminology Exercise • Match the RBM terms with their definitions. • See if there’s any logical hierarchy (per table, 10mn)

12. Terminology • Results: Changes in a state / condition which derive from a cause and effect relationship • Impact: Positive and negative long term effects on identifiable population groups produced by a peacebuilding / development intervention • Outcome: The intended or achieved short-term and medium-term effects of an intervention’s outputs, usually requiring the collective effort of partners.

13. Terminology cont. • Outputs: The products and services which result from the completion of activities within a development intervention. • Activities: Actions taken or work performed through which inputs, such as funds, technical assistance and other types of resources are mobilised to produce specific outputs. • Inputs:The financial, human, material, technological and information resources used for the development intervention.

14. A Typology for RBM: Poverty Reduction (2) Impact Human! 5-10 yrs Outcome Institutional/ Behavioural 5 yrs Output Operational/ skills, abilities, products & services <5 yrs Promises Capacity gaps closed Activity <1 yr Results Like… Focus @ Timeframe National priorities/ nMDGs more Obligations met then Poverty reduced if then less Outcome Employment and income generation increased Institutional/ Behavioural 5 yrs Collective Account-ability A good bet! if Performance improved then 3000 new small enterprises developed in poorest provinces Level of control if then 7 model business incubators operational in poorest provinces less if more • Acquire facilities • Staff training • Micro-credit provision..

15. A Typology for RBM: Poverty Reduction (2) Impact Human! 5-10 yrs Outcome Institutional/ Behavioural 5 yrs Output Operational/ skills, abilities, products & services <5 yrs Activity <1 yr Results Like… Focus @ Timeframe more then Poverty reduced if then Outcome Employment and income generation increased Institutional/ Behavioural 5 yrs Collective Account-ability if then 3000 new small enterprises developed in poorest provinces if then 7 model business incubators operational in poorest provinces less if more • Acquire facilities • Staff training • Micro-credit provision..

16. The Logical Framework Approach and the LogFrame • Process (LFA) and product (Logframe) • Starting point for all current RBM systems • Each UN agencies moved to independently modify the Logframe, related definitions and systems to meet their own needs • Shows the intended paths we think are required to achieve desired results

17. Logframe

18. UN Outcomes: typical pitfalls • Wordy (..and no change language) To promote equitable economic development and democratic governance in accordance with international norms by strengthening national capacities at all levels and empowering citizens and increasing their participation in decision-making processes • Containing multiple results The state improves its delivery of services and its protection of rights—with the involvement of civil society and in compliance with its international commitments • Wishy-washy, not a result Support to institutional capacity building for improved governance

19. UN Outputs: typical pitfalls • Confusing means and ends Train 2,000 police officers by 2010 • Confusing output and indicator Proportion of under-five children accessing preventive health interventions at 50% by 2011 • Unclear link between output and outcome ( no “if/then”) • Unfocused, unrealistic in terms of UN accountability Emergency preparedness plans are operationalized at national and district level Law is passed

20. Logframe

21. Logframe

22. HRBA  RBM Outcomes A change in the performance of rights holders and duty-bearers What are RH and DB doing differently? Outputs A change in the capacities of RH and DB? What are the new services, products, authority, responsibility, skills, resources that contribute to performance?

23. UNDAF Outcomes In addition to ‘sectoral’ outcomes, the UNDAF can include outcomes that focus explicitly on root causes and / or address horizontal issues: . By 2013, social cohesion and reconciliation is consolidated . By 2013, conflict afflicted youth are empowered and effectively participate in the country’s political, economic and social development . By 2014, sustained community based recovery . Sustained capacity by government, civil society and private sector to effectively, and collectively design, implement and monitor equitable economic development policies Can promote greater UN cohesion and intersectoral coordination

24. Group ActivityUsing the set of cards provided, develop a results framework…

25. National Goal: Good Governance and Protection of Human Rights UNDAF Outcome: By 2010, achieve effective participation of citizens, and government accountability and integratity - Laws on public demonstration and freedom of association in accordance with IS • Strengthened community participation in the planning and implementation of local development activities • - Capacity of civil society strengthened through civic education and engagement with Parliament Agency outcome: Increased participation of civil society and citizens in decision making Agency outcome: Corruption in government management significantly reduced • Advocacy programmes conducted for accession to the UN convention against corruption • - Advocacy programmes conduction for the adoption of a national anti-corruption law • Government assisted to meet its obligation under the International Covenant on Economic, social and Cultural Rights • Capacities of communes for decentralized planning, manangement and delivery of public goods and services further strengthened Agency outcome: Effectiveness of decentralized government structures improved to deliver basic services

26. Monitoring and Evaluation

27. What is an indicator? A tool to measure evidence of progress towards a result or that a result has been achieved

28. Baseline, Target and Achievement Performance Commitment Achievement At end of period Planned Level of Achievement Current Level of Achievement Baseline Target Achievement

29. Indicators, Baseline, Target and Source of Data Indicator: Net enrolment ratio (M; F) Baseline: F:45% Target: F: 75% - Improvement in school test scores Outcome: By 2010, more girls in Belem Province enjoy a quality, basic education Source of Data • MICS (survey) • Annual school test scores report Indicator: # Teachers with new certification Baseline: 0 Target: 800 • Teacher proficiency reports • Improvement of school satisfaction ratings Output: Teachers in Belem Province can deliver the new curriculum effectively Source of Data: • MECYS EMIS • School satisfaction surveys

30. Performance Indicator Selection Criteria Validity - Does it measure the result? Reliability - Is it a consistent measure over time and, if supplied externally, will it continue to be available? Sensitivity - When a change occurs will it be sensitive to those changes? Simplicity - Will it be easy to collect and analyze the information? Utility - Will the information be useful for decision-making and learning? Affordable – Do we have the resources to collect the information?

31. Indicators for different levels of results Indicators can be used to measure impacts, outcomes, outputs and also programming processes: Impact level: the realization of relevant human rights and sustained, positive changes in the life, dignity and wellbeing of individuals and peoples. Outcome level: legal, policy, institutional and behavioural changes leading to a better performance of rights-holders to claim rights and duty-bearers to meet obligations Output level: goods, services and deliverables produced to develop the capacities of duty-bearers and rights-holders Programming processes: measuring ways in which programme processes are participatory, inclusive and transparent, especially for vulnerable groups

32. How to develop good indicators …especially from a HRBA perspective Equality: Do your indicators capture the experience of vulnerable and marginalised groups? Can your indicators be disaggregated? Ownership: Have RHs and DBs contributed to the development of the indicators? Do they have confidence in the indicators chosen? Clarity: Are they clear and understandable to all audiences, including vulnerable and marginalised groups?

33. Table 1:UNDAF M & E Framework