Learning Objectives

Learning Objectives • To describe the different medieval theories for what caused the Plague (C/D) • To explain the different medieval theories for what caused the Plague (C/B) • To analyse the effectiveness of the different theories and determine changes and continuities (B/A)

Starter: What is happening in this picture? Can you pick out the role of each different person? What can you infer about the slave trade from this picture? Extension: Think of a question I would like to ask about this picture

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TH_r6-JpO9Q Choose one Question: Why would somebody do this? What is a martyr? Is this person a political martyr?

STARTER: • Does this picture make Cromwell look good or bad? • I can pick out one part of the picture which shows why the artist thinks Cromwell is good/bad • I can explain what is meant by that part of the picture

Starter: Identify parts of the doctors outfit that are supposed to protect him from the Plague (D/C) Explain how each part of the outfit is supposed to protect him from the Plague (B) What can the Plague doctors outfit tell us about what people believed caused the Plague (A/B)

SOURCE 12 Close position of the 3 great planets ‘The General cause was the close position of the planets’ SOURCE 5 Flagellants would punish themselves so God would not need to give them the plague ‘as they walked one after the other they struck themselves with these whips’

Its time to celebrate the end of Cromwell! The end of boredom and misery! Starting with a massive Welcome Back Parade for King Charles II WELCOME BACK THE KING OF BLING! Create an advertisement for the big event. L4: to complete a poster celebrating Charles II coming back to England L5: to say how life will be much different and more fun under Charles II’s rule L6: to say how life might be the same as when Charles II’s dad was King

Success Criteria: ALL: to visit 3 sources and note what cause is identified MOST: to visit 4-6 sources and note what causes are identified SOME: to visit 6+ sources and note what causes are identified Extension:Pick out 2 causes that you think were the most sensible. Explain why you chose them. Start Timer 10 Minutes 10 8 6 4 2 0

A. Common Sense Reasons B. The Body’s Humours are out of balance C. The Movement of the sun and the planets. D. God and the Devil SOURCE 5 Flagellants would punish themselves so God would not need to give them the plague ‘as they walked one after the other they struck themselves with these whips’ SOURCE 12 Close position of the 3 great planets ‘The General cause was the close position of the planets’ E. Invisible Fumes or Poison in the air

Source 5: The group Robert Avesbury is describing had recently come from Flanders to London “They went barefoot in procession twice a day in the sight of the people…their bodies naked except for a linen cloth from loins to ankle. Each wore a hood painted with a red cross at front and back and carried in his right hand a whip with three thongs. Each thong had a knot in it, with something sharp, like a needle stuck through the middle of the knot…and as they walked one after the other they struck themselves with these whips. Then they would like with their arms outstretched in the shape of the cross”

Source 6: John of Burgundy on how to avoid the Plague “avoid too much eating and drinking and also avoid baths which open the pores, for the pores are the doorways through which poisonous air can enter the body” “In cold or rainy weather you should light fires in your room, and in foggy or windy weather you should inhale perfumes every morning” “If however the epidemic occurs during hot weather you must eat cold things rather than hot. Be sparing with hot substances such as pepper’

Source 8: A Swedish Bishop who based his ideas on the work on a Royal doctor in Montpellier “Sometimes it comes from…a privy (toilet) next to a chamber or any other particular thing which corrupts the air in substance and quality…sometime it comes from the corruption of standing waters in ditches”

Source 9: A letter from a Prior of the Abbey of Christchurch to the Bishop of London “Terrible is God towards the sons of men…He often allows plagues, miserable famines and other forms of suffering to arise, and uses them to terrify and torment men and drive out their sins. The realm of England, because of the growing pride and corruption of its subjects, and their numberless sins…is to be oppressed by the pestilences (Plague)”

Source 10: From an account by a French Doctor “The epidemic kills almost instantly; as soon as the airy spirit leaving the eyes of the sick man has struck the eye of a healthy bystander looking at him, for then the poisonous nature passes from one eye to the eye of the other”

Source 11: John of Burgundy (again!) “Many people have been killed, especially those stuffed full of evil humours. As Galen says in his book of fevers, the body does not become sick unless it already contains evil humours. The pestilential (plague) air does no harm to cleansed bodies from which evil humours have been purged”

Source 12: Guy de Chauliac; A French Doctor “the truth is that there were two causes, one general, one particular. The general cause was the close position of the three great planets, Saturn, Jupiter and Mars. This had taken place in 1345 on 24th March in the 14th degree of Aquarius. Such a coming together of planets is always a sign of terrible things to come” “The particular cause of the disease in each person was the state of the body-bad digestion, weakness and blockage”

Source 14: A Chronicle by a monk in Westminster “The English have been madly following outlandish ways, changing their grotesque fashions. Their clothes and footwear make them look more like torturers ,or even demons, than men…The sin of pride must surely bring misfortune in the future”

Source 15: An unknown German author “It is a matter of scientific fact that earthquakes are caused by the exhalation of fumes enclosed in the bowels of the earth…I say that it is the vapour and corrupted air which has been vented…in the earthquake on St. Pauls day 1347…which has infected the air above the earth and killed people in various parts of the earth”

Source 16: An Unknown Churchman “If your father and mother came to want and mischief by age or misfortune you are bound to help them both with your body and with your possessions. You are obliged to pray night and day to deliver them from pain...it is vengence of this sin of dishonouring and despising fathers and mothers that God is slaying children by pestilence (plague)”

Source 13: “Some say that it was brought about by the corruption of the air; others that the Jews planned to wipe out all of the Christians with Poison and had poisoned wells and springs everywhere. Many Jews confessed to this under torture”

Source 17: Why are these men doing this?

Choose your argument and place some evidence at the right end of the board. Is it possible that the Catholics were framed? CECIL FRAMED THEM! GUILTY!!! NO SET UP

Plenary: How well did people in the 14th Century understand the causes of the Plague? They had absolutely no idea what caused the Plague They understood the causes

Learning Objectives