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Music: An Appreciation 8 th Edition by Roger Kamien

Music: An Appreciation 8 th Edition by Roger Kamien . Unit IV 巴洛克時期 1600-1750. Presentation Development: Robert Elliott University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff. 巴洛克時期. Time-line: Shakespeare: Hamlet -1600 Cervantes: Don Quixote -1605 Galileo: Earth orbits Sun-1610 King James Bible-1611

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Music: An Appreciation 8 th Edition by Roger Kamien

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  1. Music: An Appreciation8th Editionby Roger Kamien Unit IV 巴洛克時期 1600-1750 Presentation Development: Robert Elliott University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff

  2. 巴洛克時期 • Time-line: • Shakespeare: Hamlet-1600 • Cervantes: Don Quixote-1605 • Galileo: Earth orbits Sun-1610 • King James Bible-1611 • Newton: Principia Mathematica-1687 • Defoe: Robinson Crusoe-1719 • Swift: Gulliver’s Travels-1726

  3. 巴洛克風格The Baroque Style • Baroque style “fills the space” • Time of flamboyant lifestyle • Visual Art • Implies motion • Note pictures • Compare sculpture • Busy • Note pictures • Architecture • Elaborate • Note picture • Change in approach to science • Experiment-based, not just observation • Inventions and improvements result

  4. Chpt. 1: 巴洛克音樂 • Opera: a play with speaking parts sung • Period begins with rise of Opera • Period ends with death of J. S. Bach • The two giants: Bach & Handel • Other important composers: • Claudio Monteverdi • Henry PurcelL • Arcangelo Corelli • Antonio Vivaldi • Period divided into 3 phases: • Early: • 1600-1640 • Middle: • 1640-1680 • Late: • 1680-1750

  5. Chpt. 1-Baroque Music 巴洛克音樂的特色 • 一首音樂曲或一個樂章中通常僅傳達一種表情 • 表情上的一致性 • 節奏 • 節奏常常重複於整個樂曲中 • 旋律 • 一首樂曲開始的旋律在曲子進行時，會反覆地呈現。 • Continuous expanding of melodic sequence • 力度 • 音量的大小在樂曲中也常在不同樂段，維持其一貫性。表情需變化時，常以迅速的方式轉換。

  6. Chpt. 1-Baroque Music 巴洛克音樂的特色 • 主曲調音樂monody與多聲部音樂織體交替使用 • 織體 • 和絃與數字低音 • 和絃變得非常重要 • Bass part considered foundation of the harmony • Basso Continuo: bass part with numbers to represent chord tones • Similar to modern jazz & pop “fake book” notation • Words and Music • Text painting/word painting continues • Words frequently emphasized by extension through many rapid notes

  7. Chpt. 1-Baroque Music 巴洛克時期的樂團 • Based on violin family of instruments • Small by modern standards • Varying instrumentation • Strings, woodwinds, brass, & percussion • Nucleus was basso continuo unit • Composers specified instrumentation • Timbre was subordinate to melody, rhythm, & harmony

  8. Chpt. 1-Baroque Music 巴洛克時期的樂曲形式 • Instrumental music frequently made up of movements • 樂章(Movement): 是指大作品的一部份，完整與獨立性的一首曲子。 • Performed with pause between movements • Unity of mood within individual movements • Movements often contrast with each other • Common basic forms: • Ternary • A B A • Binary • A B • A A B • A B B • A A B B

  9. Chpt. 2: 音樂在巴洛克時期的社會地位 • Music written to order • New music, not old-fashioned, was desired • Courts: • Music indicated affluence • Court Music Director • Good prestige, pay, and other benefits • Still considered a skilled servant

  10. Chpt. 2:音樂在巴洛克時期的社會地位 • Some aristocrats were musicians • Church music was very elaborate • Most people heard music only in church • Some, though few, public opera houses • Music careers taught by apprenticeship • Orphanages taught music as a trade

  11. Chpt. 6: 巴洛克時期的歌劇 • Euridice 《尤麗蒂切》是目前保存最早的歌劇 (Peri-1600) • Camerata在佛羅倫斯聚會討論音樂的結果 • Orfeo 《奧菲歐》1607年Monteverdi創作了第一齣大型的歌劇 • 巴洛克歌劇是為了皇室慶典而創作 • 展示其富麗堂皇 • 貴族資助者自比為希臘與羅馬的英雄及神 • 第一所大眾歌劇院於1637在威尼斯開幕 • 巴洛克歌劇標示著偉大歌唱家的崛起 • 「乾的朗誦調」(Secco recitative);樂團「有伴奏的朗誦調」(accompanied recitative)

  12. Chpt. 5: 歌劇的要素 • 用唱的戲劇, 通常以管絃樂伴奏 • 歌劇的文字稱劇本(libretto) • 歌詞通常是由劇作家(librettist)先寫出 • 音樂部分則是由作曲家所寫 • 歌劇的性質可以是具有喜劇性或嚴肅性 • 歌劇演唱(獨唱)方式主要分兩種: • 朗誦調(Recitative): presents plot material • 詠唱調(Aria): expresses emotion—usually a “show-off” vehicle for the singer • 之外還二重唱、三重唱……到六重唱等 • Three or more singers make up an ensemble

  13. Chpt. 5:歌劇的要素 • 合唱(Chorus): 合唱團成員所扮演的角色可能是羣眾 • 提示台詞者(prompter)—必須為提示台詞裝置設備 • 樂團在的位置是在舞台正下方的凹陷區域 • 序曲(overture)或前奏曲(prelude): 歌劇開始表演時由樂團演奏一段音樂 • 現代對於歌劇歌詞的問題 • 歌劇可否經過翻譯後再演出 • 字幕(Supertitles)被投映於舞台上

  14. Claudio Monteverdi (蒙台威爾第)

  15. Claudio Monteverdi(蒙台威爾第) • 義大利巴洛克時期的作曲家 • 創作了最早的歌劇傑作 奧菲歐 Orfeo；奧費斯 (Orpheus ) • 威尼斯聖馬克(St. Mark’s)教堂樂師30年 • 創作聖樂也為貴族們創作世俗樂 • 創作的12齣歌劇只留下3齣

  16. Chpt. 7-Claudio Monteverdi Listening 朗誦調：<你已死亡>(Tu Se’ Morta) • Note: Homophonic texture • Use of text painting • Listening Guide p. 116 • Brief Set, CD 1:68

  17. Henry Purcell (普賽爾) and Dido and Aeneas • 英國最偉大的作曲家(1659-1695) • 才華出眾，榮登眾重要的音樂職位 • 早逝歿，埋葬於西敏寺之風琴下 • Dido and Aeneas 《黛朵和阿尼亞斯》(1689) 基礎低音(Ground Bass) • 在低音部的音樂主題一再地重複的主題 • 變奏形式 • 即稱為頑固低音(basso ostinato)

  18. Chpt. 8-Henry Purcell Listening <Dido的悲歌>(Dido’s Lament) from Dido and Aeneasby Purcell • Note: Recitative followed by aria • Aria makes use of ground bass • Listening Guide p. 152 • Brief Set, CD 1:69

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