1 / 25

Russia: Political Institutions

Russia: Political Institutions. Surabi Kondapaka Period 7. Current System. Legislature. Executive. Judiciary. Federation Council. President. Constitutional Court. Chairman of Gov’t (Premier). State Duma. Supreme Court. Supreme Court of Arbitration. Deputy Chairman.

tariq
Télécharger la présentation

Russia: Political Institutions

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Russia: Political Institutions Surabi Kondapaka Period 7

  2. Current System Legislature Executive Judiciary Federation Council President Constitutional Court Chairman of Gov’t (Premier) State Duma Supreme Court Supreme Court of Arbitration Deputy Chairman Prosecutor General The Ministries

  3. President • Head of State • Vladimir Vladmirovich Putin • 2 consecutive 6-year terms • Appoints Prime Minister and Cabinet • Must be approved by Duma • Leads “Power Ministries” • Military, police, KGB • Can introduce martial law • Can veto legislation • Can dissolve Dumaand call new elections • Yeltsin attempted to do so by force

  4. Prime Minister • Chairman of Government • Dmitry Medvedev • Appointed by President • Runs “day-to-day” activities • Can be removed by a vote of no confidence by the Duma • Submits Annual Budget • Putin expanded PM powers in 2008

  5. Judiciary • Judges appointed by President, approved by Federation Council • Have Judicial Review • Putin advocated law reform, but issues still exist: • Corruption • Questionable judicial independence

  6. Judiciary • Constitutional Court • High Court – addresses Constitutional Complaints • 19 members • Supreme Court • Highest appeals court • Final court in criminal and civil cases • 115 members • Supreme Court of Arbitration • Final court for commercial disputes • 53 members

  7. Districts • 8 super districts • 89 “federal subjects” • 21 “Republics” • Each signed the Federation Treaty • Except Chechnya • Relative autonomy under Yeltsin, but Putin cracked down

  8. Federalism • Constitutionally “federal system” – but highly centralized • “Asymmetric Federalism” • Presidential Nomination of Governors (Approved by Legislature) • Presidential Removal of Governors • Creation of Super-districts • “Super-governors” appointed by President • Governors appoint Federation Council Members • Elimination of Single Member Districts • Duma has proportional representation

  9. Legislature • Bicameral Legislature • Federation Council – “Upper House” • Duma – “Lower House” • Known collectively as the Federation Assembly

  10. Federation Council • “Upper House” • Equal Representation: 2 members from 89 regions • One elected from the provincial legislature • One appointed by provincial governor (confirmed by legislature) • Powers: • Approve/reject laws (mostly delay legislation) • Confirm judges • Ratify treaties • Approve troop deployment

  11. State Duma United Russia (238) CPRF (92) A Just Russia (64) LDPR (56) • “Lower House” – but more power • 450 reps - proportional representation from districts • Powers: • Pass bills • Approve Budget • Impeach President • Confirm PM appointments • Vote of Confidence to remove PM

  12. Political Parties • 1991 – small, factional groups formed • Most formed around specific leaders or issues • “Yuri-Boldyrev Movement” • Yabloko • Agrarian Party • Party of Pensioners • Weak, fluid party power/loyalty • Over 100 parties in 1993 • Currently 70 registered parties

  13. Political Parties United Russia A Just Russia CPRF LDPR

  14. Political Parties • United Russia • Largest party by far • Gains strength from smaller “Pro-Putin” parties • Merger of 2 parties: Fatherland All-Russia and Unity Party • Formed by Boris Berezovsky to support Putin in 2000 election • “Putinism” • Modernization, economic reform

  15. Political Parties • The Communist Party of the Russian Federation (CPRF) • Doesn’t want to reestablish the old regime, but wants its stability • Led by Gennady Zyuganov • Stance: • Regain old Soviet territory • Central planning, nationalization, worker’s rights • Willing to preserve small enterprises • Appeals to rural population and older citizens • Recently declining popularity

  16. Political Parties • A Just Russia • Sergei Mironov • Socialist version of CPRF • Welfare state, minimize rich-poor gap • Liberal Democratic Party • Vladimir Zhirinovsky • Extremely controversial party • Nationalistic, sexist, anti-Semitic • Promotes nuclear warfare and strict justice • Vows to restore old Soviet borders • Mixed economy, private ownership

  17. Reformist Parties • Yabloko • Acronym of 3 founders (Yavlinsky, Boldyrev, Lukin) – also means “apple” • Pro-democracy • Used to be popular among intellectuals, Gorbachev-era reformists • Union of Right Forces • “Right” as in “not wrong” (not ideological right) • Free Market and privatization of industry • Republican Party of Russia • Against the “Putin regime”

  18. Voting • Referendum – called by President • Duma Elections – proportional representation • 2007 – Putin eliminated single-member districts • Presidential Elections • Direct election • Runoff if no candidates win a simple majority • Highly suspicious • 2000: Putin won by 52.94% • 2004: Putin won by 71% • 2008: Medvedev won by 71.2% • 2012: Putin won by 63.6%

  19. Oligarchy • Wealthy tycoons monopolized industries under Yeltsin • Boris Berezovsky and 6 others controlled >50% of Russia’s GNP through oil and media • Oligarchy survived Yeltsin’s demise - formed United Russia party around Putin • Once elected, Putin cracked down on oligarchs • Exiled Berezovsky, arrested CEO of Yukos Oil • Sent warning to other oligarchs • Oligarchs lost political power, Putin lost economic popularity

  20. Russian Mafia • Larger, perhaps more influential than oligarchy • Gained control during Revolution of 1991 • Controlled local business, banks • Offered “protection money” • Laundered their own money • Affiliated with the KGB

  21. State Corporatism • Insider privatization • State determines who has policy-making input • Large, state-owned holding companies • Government forces large/rich companies to sell • Gov’t controlled industries and Putin loyalists benefit

  22. Russian Media • Most media is government controlled • Channel 1: Public Russian TV • Some privately owned newspapers, TV stations • “Freedom of Speech” is questionable • Anna Politkovskaya criticized policies about Chechnya- was mysteriously poisoned • Ivan Safranov – outspoken critic - “fell from the window of his apartment”

  23. Military • Soviets prioritized military funding • Under Russian Fed, military humiliated • Unpaid soldiers • Withdrawal from Afghanistan (1988) • Loss to Chechan Guerrillas (1994-96) • Most political leaders have been civilian, military stays out of politics • Putin pushing to reassert military power • 2007 – announced Air Force would start regular, nuclear capable patrols

  24. Overview PRESIDENT Presidential Administration Constitutional Court Supreme Court Supreme Court of Arbitration Federation Council Prime Minister Super-Governors Government State Duma Regional Governors Regional Legislatures VOTERS

  25. Questions?

More Related