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Speaker: Jenny

Interacting with Computers 17 (2005) 643-659 Andrew May, Tracy Ross, Zaheer Osman The design of next generation in-vehicle navigation system for the older driver. Speaker: Jenny. Older drivers perceive wayfinding as more difficult than young drivers. (Burns, 1997)

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Speaker: Jenny

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  1. Interacting with Computers 17 (2005) 643-659Andrew May, Tracy Ross, Zaheer OsmanThe design of next generation in-vehicle navigation system for the older driver Speaker: Jenny

  2. Older drivers perceive wayfinding as more difficult than young drivers. (Burns, 1997) • Landmarks are key elements to an unfamiliar destination (Allen, 1999), as typically supported by a vehicle navigation system.

  3. Purpose: within a real driving environment, to investigate the extent to which older drivers benefit from the landmarks provision with navigation instructions

  4. comparison • Older driver performance with and without landmarks • Older performance with landmarks compared to younger driver using those same landmarks

  5. Landmarks benefits • Effective navigation decisions (Tom and Denis, 2003; Bengler et al., 1994) • Reduce cognitive effort and distraction (Burnett, 1998) • Increase confidence and satisfaction (Alm et al., 1992; Green et alk., 1993)

  6. Attributes of good landmarks • Permanence, visibility, usefulness of location, uniqueness (Burnett et al., 2001) • Landmarks in this study: • Traffic lights, pedestrian lights, gas station, public house

  7. Method • Apparatus: Land Rover Freelander • direction arrow, distance countdown bar, road name • Auditory prompts: landmarks or distance to turn information

  8. Experiment • 2(age) x 2(information) x 8 (manoeuvre) • 32 participants • Young(21-40) & older(55 and over) • Time: 40 mins • Speed limit: 50 kph • Dependent variable: navigation performance, workload, driver confidence, and driver attitudes

  9. Route: South of Leicester, UK • 37 driver decision points in 17.5 km • Manoeuvres:8 target + 25 en-route

  10. Results—visual behavior • Visual glance

  11. Results—visual behavior

  12. Results—visual behavior

  13. Results—driver confidence

  14. Results—driving errors

  15. Results—navigation performance

  16. Results—driver workload • NASA-RTLX (Hart and Staveland, 1998) • 心智負荷(Mental Demand) • 動作負荷(Physical Demand) • 時間壓力（Temporal) • 精力耗費(Effort) • 挫折感(Frustration Level) • 表現績效與滿意度(Performance)

  17. Results—driver attitudes • Both younger and older drivers stated that navigation system is helpful for wayfinding in unfamiliar area. • Both of them prefer using a navigation system as their usual means of navigating.

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