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The relationship between the diet and health of the mother and the development of the fetus.

The relationship between the diet and health of the mother and the development of the fetus. . By Breanne, Derryle, Janice and Heather . How exercise helps. Increasing your energy levels Exercise helps you maintain a positive outlook Feel confident about your changing body image

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The relationship between the diet and health of the mother and the development of the fetus.

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  1. The relationship between the diet and health of the mother and the development of the fetus. By Breanne, Derryle, Janiceand Heather

  2. How exercise helps • Increasing your energy levels • Exercise helps you maintain a positive outlook • Feel confident about your changing body image • Exercise can also ease common discomforts that women experience such as nausea, leg cramps, swollen feet, varicose veins, constipation, insomnia, and back pain. • By keeping muscles strong and toned, exercise makes it • Easier for your body to deal with changes in posture during pregnancy. • There is also evidence that increased fitness helps shorten labor and your recovery time after the baby is delivered and lessens your overall anxiety about the birth.

  3. Exercise is safe in pregnancy as long as you follow the simple guidelines. As your pregnancy progresses, you will probably need to adapt and moderate your exercise program.

  4. Do’s • Warm up and cool down properly. • Drink enough water • Wear comfortable clothes that don't restrict your rib cage. • Exercise regularly and consistently. • Adjust your expectations; pregnancy is not a time to go for personal bests. • Build your strengh, but not too fast. Focus on your back, shoulders, chest, and lower body. • Practice Kegel exercises daily to maintain the pelvic floor tone. • Breathe properly while exercising, especially when lifting weights. • Protect your back when getting up from a lying position: roll onto your left side and sit up using your legs. • Avoid exercises that feel awkward or uncomfortable. • Focus on posture and alignment. • Stop immediately and seek advice if you feel severe localized pain, vaginal bleeding, or general un-wellness. • Eat frequent small meals and snacks to maintain energy and avoid having your blood sugar levels fall.

  5. Don’t • Exercise in a hot or humid environment. • Do jerky or bouncy moves or twist or rotate your abdomen. • Lift weights that are too heavy. • Do sports where you risk falling, such as skiing or horseback riding. • Overstretch: the pregnancy hormone relaxing can make you feel more supple than you are. • Exercise to exhaustion. If you're tired, decrease the intensity or duration. Get an hour's rest for each hour of exercise.

  6. Possible Disease: FAS (Fetal Alcohol Spectrum) • FAS Facial Feature Characteristics: • growth retardation • a small head circumference • dysmorphic facial features • Small head circumference (microcephaly) • reduced brain size Definition: a congenital syndrome caused by excessive consumption of alcohol by the mother during pregnancy, characterized by retardation of mental development and of physical growth, particularly of the skull and face of the infant.

  7. Drugs not to take while pregnant: • Cocaine: increases heart rate in mother and baby, and supply of oxygen, and blood to the baby is reduced, make baby’s growth slow down. Several reports of bleeding in the baby’s brain have been reported for mother who were dependent on cocaine while pregnant. • Cigarettes: Carbon monoxide nicotine reduce the amount of oxygen available in the mothers blood, which can affect the development and size of the baby. • (SEE PAGE 537 IN TEXT BOOK)

  8. Medications: • Thalidomide: blocks blood vessels that lead to the limbs. ( people take it to treat skin conditions) • Seizure medication: Seizure medication reduces blood flow to the central nervous system.

  9. Calorie intake • Normal person needs 2100 calories per day • Pregnant woman needs 2500 calories per day • Breast woman needs approximately 3000 calories per day

  10. Things you should eat • When you are pregnant you are strongly recommend to eat from all the food groups. This includes dairy products, fruit, vegetables, meat eggs, cooked meat/fish, fat and carbohydrates. This is needed for you to get the proper amount of energy. 10% of Kcals should come from protein. 35% of Kcals come from fat, and 55% of Kcals come from carbohydrates. • Folic acid is very important to have when pregnant and when expecting to be pregnant.

  11. Things not to eat • Cheeses made with unpasteurized milk such as brie and camembert, and blue cheeses. Because it may contain Listeria bacteria that can cause an infection that may harm your baby. • Unpasteurized milk and dairy products with that kind of milk are not safe while pregnant. They may contain bacteria that could give you food poisoning. • It’s best not to have more than 200mg of caffeine, this is because it could cause miscarriages and weight loss. • Raw fish should also not be eaten either, because it can cause food poisoning.

  12. Choose a healthy, organic plant-based diet that provides your baby with the rich nutrients he or she needs for the best possible start in a wonderful life.

  13. Development of the Fetus The nine months of pregnancy are divided into three trimesters • First Trimester- the period during pregnancy from conception until the end of the third month • Extends from fertilization to the end of the third month • The second week of development the inner cells of the blastula have reorganized into a flattened disk made up of two layers • Gastrulation-two layered structure that develops into a three layer structure called Gastrula • The Gastrulation is a very important part in the developmental step. Each of the three levels (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm) has a particular development fate.

  14. Second Trimester- From the fourth month to the end of the sixth month • At this point the fetus has all of its organs formed although they are not fully developed. • it begins to look more like a human • moves around enough to make itself know to the mother • Most of the cartilage that formed the skeleton has been replaced by bone cells • Third Trimester- From the seventh moth until birth • This is were the baby grows rapidly. The organ systems have been established during the first two trimesters; all that remains for the last trimester is for the body to increase mass to enlarge and the organ to enlarge and become more developed.

  15. First Trimester 0-1.5 weeks Fertilization and early development Formation of a viable zygote by the union of sperm and ovum; fertilization Implantation normally positioned in the uterus 1.5 weeks Embryonic development begins Amnion and yolk sac formed 2nd weeks Formation of primitive streak and the primary germ layers

  16. First Trimester 3rd week Central nervous systems begins to develop Heart development initiated; beating begins 4th week About 1 cm long and weighs less than 1 g Early eyes Limb buds of arms and legs 5th week Nose and lips formation begins Basic architecture of brain and spinal cord established

  17. First Trimester 8th week Now its about the size of a chickens egg Embryo 2cm long and weighs about 4 g Hands and feet can be seen Baby extremely reactive to its environment Masculine development in males; no changes in females Male sex hormone (testosterone) produced by testes

  18. First Trimester 9th week Fetal development begins 12th week Embryo about the size of a gooses egg Placenta well-established and ways more than the baby Baby approximately 9 cm long and weighs about 60 g

  19. Second Trimester 14th-16th week Brain developed to the point that the baby can suck, swallow, and make irregular breathing movements 16th week 14cam long and weighs about 180g Complete closure of nasal septum and palate Fetal heart beat heard with amplification Fetal movement recognized Sex distinguishable now 20th week 20 cam long and weighs 300g Fine hair covering over entire body Fetal heartbeat heard: 120-160 beats per mintute

  20. Third Trimester 28th week Baby can survive outside the uterus

  21. Vitamins • Folate • · Vitamin B is found in leafy green veggies such as kale and spinach • · If there is a deficiency it can cause damage to the neural tube • · Damage to the neural tube could lead to Spina bifida which is the incomplete closure of the spinal cord to the spinal column • Vitamin D • · Lack of Vitamin D can lead to rickets and abnormal bone growth • Calcium • · Helps with the development of the baby’s bones • Vitamin C • · Crucial for structural protein that builds cartilage, tendons, bones and skin • Thiamin • · Severe deficiency can case difficulty walking, loss of feeling in hands and feet and mental confusion

  22. Sources • http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-living/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/prenatal-vitamins/art-20046945 • http://pregnancy.familyeducation.com/prenatal-health-and-nutrition/exercise-and-weight-management/66136.html • http://pregnancy.familyeducation.com/prenatal-health-and-nutrition/exercise-and-weight-management/66136.html?page=2&detoured=1

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