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ENERGY SOURCES USED IN POULTRY/LIVESTOCK FEEDING

ENERGY SOURCES USED IN POULTRY/LIVESTOCK FEEDING. Cereals Cereal byproducts Industrial waste Fats and oil. I) MAIZE (ZEA MAYS). It is most important energy source for poultry feed. Different local varieties of maize and areas. SOWING METHOD. On the ridges By drill By planter

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ENERGY SOURCES USED IN POULTRY/LIVESTOCK FEEDING

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  1. ENERGY SOURCES USED IN POULTRY/LIVESTOCK FEEDING • Cereals • Cereal byproducts • Industrial waste • Fats and oil

  2. I) MAIZE (ZEA MAYS) It is most important energy source for poultry feed. Different local varieties of maize and areas

  3. SOWING METHOD • On the ridges • By drill • By planter SEED RATE • 8 to 10 kg per acre Seed availability • Pioneer, ICI, Engro & Cengenta.

  4. Maize Production in Pakistan2006-07 To convert ha-ac * 2.4711 There was 47.4% increase in maize production as compared to 2003-04

  5. HARVESTING When the husk of the cob becomes brown and on the base of top Kernal black layer develops, it indicates that the crop is ready for harvesting FERTILIZER 300-350 ammonium sulphate/hec.

  6. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MAIZE

  7. MAIZE Inclusion Rate (%) = 10-50 Price / kg (Rs.) = 15/kg Restriction = Aflatoxin

  8. MAIZE BRAN

  9. WHEAT (Triticum aestivum) Local varieties of wheat & their sowing time

  10. SEED RATE • Till 15th November 50 kg/acre • 16th – 30 November 60 kg /acre • 1st Dec. – 15th Dec. 70 kg / acre

  11. Wheat Production in Pakistan2006-07 To convert ha-ac * 2.4711 There was 10.8% increase in maize production as compared to 2003-04

  12. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF WHEAT

  13. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION WHEAT BRAN

  14. Nutritional Profile of Wheat Straw

  15. Nutritional Profile TDN=% ME=Mcal/kg

  16. Inclusion rate of wheat (%) = 10-25 Inclusion rate of wheat bran (%) = 1-5 Restriction Wheat = Digestibility issue Wheat bran = Fiber, Phytates Price/Kg Wheat (Rs.) = 24/kg Wheat bran = 8.0/kg

  17. Rice (Oryza sativa) Rice unsuitable for human consumption can be used for poultry at lower level. Local Varieties of rice & their sowing time

  18. SEED RATE

  19. Rice Production in Pakistan2006-07 To convert ha-ac * 2.4711 There was 3.7% increase in rice production as compared to 2003-04

  20. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF RICE

  21. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF RICE TIPS & RICE POLISH

  22. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF RICE BRAN

  23. INCLUSION RATE • Rice Tips (%) = 20-50 • Rice Polish (%) = 10-15 Restriction • Rice polishing = Rancid fat, fiber Price/kg • Rice Tips (Rs.) = 16.0 • Rice Polish (Rs.) = 8.70 • Rice Bran (Rs.) = 6.25

  24. SORGHUM / MILO (Sorghum Vulgare) • Light colored sorghum varieties can be used as principal energy source. Sowing time • Lower Sindh = 15th June – 15th July • Rest of Pakistan = 1st June – 30th July Harvesting • Color of grain from green to red • Grain becomes hard Seed Rate3-4 kg/acre

  25. Sorghum • Hardy, drought resistant crop, adopted to environmental conditions too harsh for production of maize. • Several varieties, milo grain type, non grain type (forage sorghum), bird resistant (high tannin), yellow, waxy. Waxy type has better digestibility. Starch digestibility is directly proportional to the amylase content. • The sorghum plant are similar to maize in chemical composition.

  26. Sorghum • The sorghum plant has capacity of high productivity & tolerance to high temperature. • Most sorghum varieties are similar to maize in chemical composition. • The peripheral endosperm of sorghum is extremely dense, hard and resistant to water penetration & digestion. • The grain is ground before feeding to all classes of livestock and poultry. • Energy is similar to maize. • Protein: range from 7~10%. The quality of protein poor. Availability of amino acid is low in sorghum.

  27. Sorghum • Theronine and lysine are most limiting amino acids. • Tannine: polyphenlic compounds tannins (phenilics) decrease protein availability, inhibit digestive enzyme activity and form complexes with protein and resist digestion. • Astringent effect; tannins increase in unripe fruits (green apples, bananas) • To reduce Tannins • Treatment with alkali, sodium & ammonium hydroxide, anhydrous ammonia. • Poly ethylene glycol increase feeding value of high tannins sorghum.

  28. Sorghum Production in Pakistan2006-07 To convert ha-ac * 2.4711

  29. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SORGHUM

  30. Inclusion level of sorghum (%) = 5-10 • Restriction = tannins • Price / kg (Rs.) = 22.25

  31. MILLET / BAJRA • Millet are small grains. • Bajra, Korra, Ragi, are millets varieties used for poultry • Sowing time 3rd week of March – mid Sep • Harvesting time June – December • Seed rate 10-12 Kg/hac.

  32. Varieties in Pakistan • 18 – By • Y – 84 • Cholistani bajra • Barani bajra • DBR – 3 (Jattal) • DB – 5 • C – 47 • PARC – MS -1 • PARC – MS-2

  33. AREAS OF PRODUCTION IN PAKISTAN

  34. Millet Production in Pakistan2006-07 To convert ha-ac * 2.4711

  35. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MILLET

  36. Inclusion level (%) = 30 - 60 • Price /kg (Rs.) = 20

  37. BARLEY / JAVI / JAO (Hordeum vulgare) • Less suitable for poultry feeding • Barley contains  - Glucans • Enzyme  - Glucanase improves the nutritive value of barley

  38. SEED RATE • 50 – 60 kg/hac. in rainfed areas • 70 – 80 kg/hac. In irrigated areas Varieties • NWFP = Forntier – 87 • Sindh = Tj – 70, Neelum, Barley – Dwarf

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