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Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration

Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration. Notes. Motion and Reference Point Review. An object is in motion if it changes position relative to a reference point. Objects that we call stationary (ex: tree, sign, or building) make good reference points.

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Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration

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  1. Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration Notes

  2. Motion and Reference Point Review

  3. An object is in motion if it changes position relative to a reference point. • Objects that we call stationary (ex: tree, sign, or building) make good reference points. • This little boy could use a tree to decide if the train is moving.

  4. Speed Calculating Speed: If you know the distance an object travels in a certain amount of time, you can calculate the speed of the object. What is instantaneous speed? Instantaneous speed is the velocity of an object at a certain time. Speed = Distance/time Average speed = Total distance/Total time

  5. Distance When an object moves, it goes from point A to point B – that is the DISTANCE it traveled. (SI unit is the meter) Distance is how much ground an object has covered during its motion. B A

  6. Displacement Knowing how far something moves is not sufficient. You must also know in what direction the object moved. Displacement is how far out of place the object is; it is the object’s overall change in position.

  7. Velocity • Speed describes only how fast something is moving. • To determine direction, you need to know the velocity. • Velocity includes the speed of an object as well as the direction of its movement.

  8. Velocity (cont.) • Because velocity depends on direction as well as speed, the velocity of an object can change even if the speed of the object remains constant.

  9. They Might Be Giants: Speed and Velocity Video Work with the person at your table to answer the following 3 questions!

  10. Speed v. Velocity • How are speed and velocity similar? • How are speed and velocity different? • Is velocity more like distance or displacement? Why?

  11. Speed v. Velocity • How are speed and velocity similar? They both measure how fast something is moving • How are speed and velocity different? • Is velocity more like distance or displacement? Why?

  12. Speed v. Velocity • How are speed and velocity similar? They both measure how fast something is moving 2. How are speed and velocity different? Velocity includes the direction of motion and speed does not (the car is moving 5mph East) • Is velocity more like distance or displacement? Why?

  13. Speed v. Velocity • How are speed and velocity similar? They both measure how fast something is moving 2. How are speed and velocity different? Velocity includes the direction of motion and speed does not (the car is moving 5mph East) • Is velocity more like distance or displacement? Why? Displacement, because it includes direction.

  14. Acceleration • Acceleration is the rate at which velocity changes. • Acceleration can result from: • A change in speed (increase or decrease) • A change in direction (back, forth, up, down, left, right) • Changes in both

  15. Slowing Up and Slowing DownWe know that an object speeding up is accelerating. But an object slowing down also accelerating. • If acceleration and velocity are in the same direction, the speed increases and the acceleration is positive. • If the acceleration is in the opposite direction from velocity, the speed decreases and the acceleration is negative.

  16. You can feel acceleration! If you’re moving at 500mph east without turbulence, there is no acceleration. But if the plane hits an air pocket and drops 500 feet in 2 seconds, there is a large change in acceleration and you will feel that! It does not matter whether you speed up or slow down; it is still considered a change in acceleration.

  17. In science, acceleration refers to increasing speed, decreasing speed, or changing direction. • A car that begins to move from a stopped position or speeds up to pass another car is accelerating. • A car decelerates when it stops at a red light. A water skier decelerates when the boat stops pulling. • A softball accelerates when it changes direction as it is hit.

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