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MELS Project Wrap U p

MELS Project Wrap U p. Rich Brown , David Culler, Stephen Dawson-Haggerty , Steven Lanzisera , Jay Taneja Computer Science Division , University of California, Berkeley Environmental Energy Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. MELS: Miscellaneous Electric Loads.

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MELS Project Wrap U p

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  1. MELS Project Wrap Up Rich Brown, David Culler, Stephen Dawson-Haggerty, Steven Lanzisera, Jay Taneja Computer Science Division, University of California, Berkeley Environmental Energy Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab

  2. MELS: Miscellaneous Electric Loads • Large, rigorous study of miscellaneous electric loads (mostly plugs) • Roughly 1/3 of building energy consumption • Difficult to study due to large number of small consumers • Test methods to accurately describe energy use of plug-in devices from individual device to whole building LBNL EETD Seminar Series

  3. DOE MELS => Appliance Energy • 450 plug-load meters • 7 edge routers • 650m data points CPS-PI-11

  4. Study Phases LBNL EETD Seminar Series

  5. System Architecture • IPv6 tunnel from building network to data closet • Data in raw UDP • Configurable metering application LBNL EETD Seminar Series

  6. Multipoint Calibration • Automated 20-point calibration on every meter • Generate a 3-part piecewise calibration • 90th percentile error is <2 watts across devices LBNL EETD Seminar Series

  7. HYDRO Principles • Maintain multiple next-hop options • Trickelize density-sensitve state propagation • Horizontally scalable with multiple LBRs LBNL EETD Seminar Series

  8. Emergent network dynamics • Verify dynamics results on large scale • Link and device churn are prevalent • Mean network degree is at least 16, diameter is about 4.5 hops LBNL EETD Seminar Series

  9. Exploration is ongoing • Path length and router degree show clear diurnal and weekly variation • Exploration of new potential candidate links is a continuous process • With only “stable” links, diameter increases by factor of 2 LBNL EETD Seminar Series

  10. Energy Analysis LBNL EETD Seminar Series

  11. Can we identify when metered devices change over time? From data, found change from older 20” LCD to new 24” LCD Increase screen area 44%; reduce energy 33%.

  12. How Common is Computer-Display Power Management? • 83% of monitors use power management • 15% use it with breaks for days at a time • 2% do not use it 40 Hour Work Week Rarely power down monitor PM w/ breaks

  13. What is the Distribution of LCD Computer Display Energy Use? N=118

  14. How Common is Desktop Computer Power Management? 39% rarely powered down 40 Hour Work Week 44% managed

  15. How Much of Whole Building is Plugs? 40% of Building Electricity 3 month weekday average: March, April, May All Building Electricity All Plugs Note: no cooling during these months Projected based on full inventory and sample weights

  16. What Makes Up Bldg 90 Plugs Energy? Timer controlled plug strips? 75 MWh/year 30% of non-computer plug total 6% of building total Computer power management? 150 MWh/year 60% of computer total 12% of building total Computers 50% of energy Task Lighting 7% Networking 6% Other 7% Misc. HVAC 10% of energy Displays 10% of energy Imaging 10% of energy

  17. Building 90 Device Inventory & Energy

  18. Findings and Next Steps • Bldg 90 network demonstrated large-scale, end-to-end WSN and collected a lot of useful data • IT equipment should be focus of office energy management programs • Using data for LBNL-wide plug-load management • Inventory and meter installation are labor-intensive • Exploring using public (homeowner & building occupant) participation for data collection • Integrate metering & communications into products • Robust sensor network needs more engineering • ? Evaluate commercial products now available • Electricity only part of buildings energy problem • Developing low-cost WSN for gas and water metering

  19. Questions LBNL EETD Seminar Series

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