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Why Identical Twins are Not Identical

A Presentation by Rachael Stanley. Why Identical Twins are Not Identical. Epigenetics. Phenotypic Changes No change in DNA’s Primary Structure Can be Heritable. How?. DNA methylation Histone Modification. Studying Twins. Monozygotic Twin Boys Diagnosis of XLT and WAS

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Why Identical Twins are Not Identical

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  1. A Presentation by Rachael Stanley Why Identical Twins are Not Identical

  2. Epigenetics • Phenotypic Changes • No change in DNA’s Primary Structure • Can be Heritable

  3. How? • DNA methylation • Histone Modification

  4. Studying Twins • Monozygotic Twin Boys • Diagnosis of XLT and WAS • Different Phenotypes • Symptomatic (Twin A) vs. Asymptomatic (Twin B)

  5. Results • Methylation of CpG islands • Transcription of WAS Protein • Why the difference?

  6. The Future • “Epigenome” • Heterogeneity of Phenotypes • Autoimmune Disease • Epigenetic Therapeutics

  7. Works Cited • Buchbinder, D, K Nadeau, and D Nugent. "Monozygotic Twin Pair Showing Discordant Phenotype for X-linked Thrombocytopenia and Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome: a Role for Epigenetics?." Journal of Clinical Immunology. 5 (2011): 773-7. Web. 22 Mar. 2012. • DNA Methylation and Histone Modification. 2009. Graphic. ConnexionsWeb. 21 Mar 2012. <http://cnx.org/content/m26565/latest/>. • Luong, L.. "Basic Principles of Genetics." Connexions. Vietnam Open Course Ware, 02072009. Web. 21 Mar 2012. <http://cnx.org/content/m26565/latest/>. • Little Known Facts About Twins. 2012. Photograph. Everyday HealthWeb. 21 Mar 2012. <http://images.agoramedia.com/everydayhealth/gcms/little-known-facts- about-twins-02-pg-full.jpg>. • Getty Images. How Much is at Stake with your Dietary Choices?. 2011. Photograph. How Stuff Works. 22 Mar 2012. <http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/life/genetic/epigenetics3.htm>. • United States. National Library of Medicine. Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome. 2012. Web. <http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/wiskott-aldrich-syndrome>. • United States. Department of Health and Human Services. What is Thrombocytopenia?. 2010. Web. <http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health- topics/topics/thcp/>.

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