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Spatial Distribution and Trends of Religious Sites in China

A Spatial Study of Religion and Urbanization in China Shuming Bao China Data Center University of Michigan & Xiaodong Fu School of Economics Renmin University. Spatial Distribution and Trends of Religious Sites in China. Buddhism 1949-2004. Islam 1949-2004. Christian 1949-2004. Taoism

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Spatial Distribution and Trends of Religious Sites in China

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  1. A Spatial Study of Religion and Urbanization in ChinaShuming BaoChina Data CenterUniversity of Michigan&Xiaodong FuSchool of EconomicsRenmin University

  2. Spatial Distribution and Trends of Religious Sites in China Buddhism 1949-2004 Islam 1949-2004 Christian 1949-2004 Taoism 1949-2004

  3. Topics Introduction Methodology Data Empirical Analysis Summary and Discussion

  4. Urban Expansion in China by Night Light Shanghai 2000 Shanghai 1990 Shanghai 2008 Nanchang 2000 Nanchang 2005 Nanchang 2008

  5. The Trends of Urban-Rural Population in China

  6. Religion and Urbanization • Literature: Urbanization may have negative impact on religious development • Test: Where are mostly dynamic changes in religious sites located: urban and rural regions?

  7. II. Methodology • Classification of urban, rural and transitional areas • Structural analysis • Test of spatial autocorrelation • Space-Time Analysis

  8. III. Data • Religious Sites: • Original data source from 2004 Economic Census • Atlas of Religions in China (UMCDC): • Buddhism • Taoism • Christianity • Muslim • others • Population Census: • Original data source from population Census (1953, 1964, 1982, 1990, 2000) • China Population Census Data with GIS Maps (province, city, county and townships) • Economic Census: • Original data source from business Census (1995, 2001, 2004) • China Economic Census Data with GIS Maps (province, city, county and ZIP) • Digital Atlas by Industries of China • Others: • Socioeconomic Statistics, Geography, Environment, ……

  9. Urban Area: Non-agricultural population > 50% • Transition Area: Non-agricultural population <50% and Migration > 20% • Rural Area: Non-agricultural population < 50% and Migration < 20% Defining Urban, Rural and Transitional Areas

  10. IV. Empirical Analysis:Religious Development and Urbanization % in Rural % in Urban

  11. Buddhism and Urbanization Start-ups Accumulation Urban Rural Percentage by urban, rural and transition areas

  12. Christianity and Urbanization Start-ups Accumulation Urban Rural Percentage by urban, rural and transition areas

  13. Islam and Urbanization Start-ups Accumulation Urban Rural Percentage by urban, rural and transition areas

  14. Taoism and Urbanization Start-ups Accumulation Percentage by urban, rural and transition areas Transition

  15. Spatial Autocorrelation of Church Distribution by Provinces

  16. The Christianity Development in Western China Transition Urban Rural Inner Mongolia Transition Urban Rural Xinjiang Transition Urban Rural Ningxia

  17. The Christianity Development in Northeastern China Transition Urban Rural Liaoning Transition Urban Rural Jilin Transition Urban Rural Heilongjiang

  18. The Christianity Development in Eastern China Transition Urban Rural Zhejiang Transition Urban Rural Jiangsu Transition Urban Rural Shandong

  19. The Christianity Development in Central China Transition Urban Rural Hubei Transition Urban Rural Hunan Transition Urban Rural Jiangxi

  20. The Christianity Development in Southern China Transition Urban Rural Guangdong Transition Urban Rural Guangxi Transition Urban Rural Yunnan

  21. Summary and Discussions • Growth of religion in urban, rural and transition areas: • All religions: keep increasing in all areas with mostly dynamic growth in rural area • Buddhism: Faster growth in urban area • Christianity: Faster growth in rural area • Islam: Balanced growth in urban and rural areas and not much changes in transition area • Taoism: Balanced growth in all areas • The growth of Christianity in different regions: • Eastern: Balanced growth in all areas with majority in rural areas • Southern: Faster growth in rural area • Central: Faster growth in rural area with initial majority in urban area • Northeastern: Faster growth in rural area • Western: Majority are in urban area with faster growth in transition area • Discussion: • Data are limited to registered religious sites. • Data are based on the cross-sectional data, which don’t include those disappeared religious sites. • Results may be sensitive to how the urban and rural areas are defined.

  22. Spatial Analysis with the Spatial Explorer of Religion

  23. Reports on Religious Distribution and Urbanization

  24. Reports on Religious Distribution and Urbanization

  25. Religious Sites by Urban/Rural/Transitional Area & Province

  26. Religious Sites by Jiedao/Town/Township & Province

  27. Spatial Explorer of Religionhttp://chinadataonline.org/religionexplorer Changes in religious structure • Religious Sites:: • Buddhism • Taoism • Christianity • Muslim • others • Population Census Data • Economic Census Data • Historical Data • Reference Data Modeling PySAL StatGeo

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