S U N G L A S S E S

1. S U N G L A S S E S BY: THE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT GROUP

2. Organizational Life Cycle

3. Sales Maturity Growth Decline Introduction RollerBlades Jet Ski Boeing 727 Virtual Reality Time Products in Various Stages of Life Cycle

4. Table of Contents • Lenses and Their Manufacturers - Popular Brands - Top Manufacturers - Manufacturing Procedure - Equipment • Face Shapes vs. Lens Styles • Lens Tints • Coatings • Polarization

5. Lenses and Their Manufacturers

6. Leading Brand Manufacturers • Ray-Ban • Oakley’s • GravityDex

7. Black Flys Bolle' Cebe Costa Del Mar Eyehawk Maui Jim Native Eyewear Oakley Ray-Ban Revo Serengeti Sexx Vision Shields Sun Tiger Vuarnet Top Manufacturers

8. Other Popular Brands • Fendi • Gucci • Giorgio Armani • Versace • Prada

9. - Sunglasses are not these companies’ main product, but are produced on the side. They started the manufacturing of sunglasses in the late 80’s to early 90’s. Because of the reputation they had already established, their sunglasses were a big hit.

10. Manufacturing Procedure • Automated procedure • Edging • Chemical tampering • Dip applied hard coatings • Vacuum coatings • Mirroring • Diamond-like carbon • Concave Anti-reflection • Glazing capabilities • Final inspection/packaging • FDA required testing and documentation • NACAL supplied lenses

11. Equipment • Gasket • Convex mold • Concave mold • Clip • Wiring • Plastic (often called zyl) • Lens • Basic metal

12. Face Shapesvs.Lens Styles

13. Frames and Tints • A pair of sunglasses is chosen by the tint that provides the best picture and the frame that gives the person the best appearance.

14. FACE SHAPES • The purpose of the frame is to create a desired illusion and thusconceal the minor imperfections.

15. Square Shape Face • wide forehead and chin • dominant jaw line • purpose of the frames to make the face look longer because currently the width and the length are too proportional • The frames would be slightly curved at the ends, and they would be more horizontal than vertical. An oval shaped pair of sunglasses might achieve the elongation effect.

16. Oblong or a Rectangular Face • face is longer than it is wider • The purpose of the frames would be then to shorten the face. • Frames that have a low bridge will make the nose appear shorter. • The frames should have depth. Some possible frames that can be used to create this illusion are deep triangle frames 

17. Diamond Face Shape • Wide around temples and narrow around the forehead and chin • Frames should make the forehead and chin appear wider

18. Round Shaped Face • Few angles • Frames should be somewhat angular • Square shaped frames usually work well

19. Heart Shaped Face • Broad forehead • High cheekbones • Frames should be rimless and very light • Styles: Aviator & Butterfly

20. M O D E R N S U N G L A S S S T Y L ES A N DS H A P E S

21. Shapes • Square face curved lens • Round face angular lens • Triangle face thin rim, vertical lines • Oblong face large lenses • Oval face suitable for any lens

22. Sunglasses And Their Lens Tints

23. Tints • There are different tints • Tint- color determines what part of the light spectrum is absorbed by the lenses • Different color tints produce different results.

24. Sunglass Tints Grey Yellow or Gold Amber or Brown Green Purple or Rose

25. Grey Tint Good protection against glare Great all-purpose tint Reduces brightness with the least amount of distortion Good for driving and general use

26. Green Tint One of the most popular Filters some blue light Offers the highest contrast and greatest visual acuity Reduces glare

27. Distorts color like yellow lenses, but increases contrast and clarity Amber or Brown Tint Like grey, good general purpose tints Reduces glare Contains molecules that absorb higher frequency colors, such as blue and UV rays

28. Yellow Tint Blue light can create a glare known as blue haze Reduces the amount of blue light Allows a larger percentage of other frequencies through Makes everything look bright and sharp

29. Pink or Rose Tint Best contrast of objects against a green or blue background They make a good choice for hunting or water skiing

30. How Are They Made? Many manufacturers employ a process called constant density to tint the lenses. It is the oldest method of creating sunglasses and involves a glass or polycarbonate mixture with a uniform color throughout the material. The tint is built right into the lenses when they are created. It is accomplished by applying a coat of light-absorbing molecules to surface of clear polycarbonate. The most common method for tinting polycarbonate lenses is to immerse the lenses in a special liquid containing the tinting material

31. Coatings

32. Types of Coatings • Tinting • Photo chromatic • Mirroring • Scratch resistant • Anti-reflective • UV protecting • Polarized

33. Lens Coatings

34. Photochromatic Coating • These are lenses that darken as you go from indoors to outdoors.   • Available in all lens materials.   • Darken to moderate shades of brown and grey.  

35. Photochromatic coating • Mirroring • Half-silvered • Reflective • Not scratch resistant

36. Anti-Reflective Coating • Effective for reducing eye fatigue for computer operators and anyone driving at night. • AR lenses enhance appearance by removing all distracting reflections.

37. Scratch Resistant Coating • Light weight hard resin lenses can be more easily scratched than glass lenses.  • Special coatings have been developed to help protect lenses from normal scratching.   • The modest additional cost for such scratch coating is usually a prudent investment.

38. Polarizing Coating • These are the most superior sunglass lenses that eliminate reflective glare.  • They are especially appropriate for driving, as well as fishing, hunting, and all types of outdoor activities.

39. UV Protection Coating • Ultraviolet rays in sunlight pose potential harm to the eyes.  • Special treatment is available for hard resin lenses that completely blocks hazardous UV light.   • Lenses like polycarbonate and high index include built-in UV protection at no extra cost.

40. Typical layering used to create a pair of high-grade sunglasses

41. Anti-reflective • Opposite effect of mirroring coating • Helps prevent black-glare • Damages cornea and retina

42. Polarization

43. Absorb ultraviolet radiation Reduce Glare coming from horizontal surfaces, which regular lenses are not capable of doing. What Do They Do?

44. Under normal lighting conditions, light waves vibrate and travel in all directions and the light is said to be unpolarized like 1A When the vibration is partially suppressed, the beam is said to be partially polarized like 1B When the vibration is restricted to a single plane, the light is said to be plane polarized Like 1C How They Work?

45. P O L A R I Z E D L E N S - The lens in the foreground is a polarized filter. - The hood of the car polarizes light. As the lens rotates, it almost completely blocks the light from the hood because of its polarization.

46. How Are They Made? • Iodine-quinine-sulfate crystals are imbedded in a special film, the film is then stretched in one direction, aligning the crystals in the same direction. • This uniform direction creates the polarization. • The film is then dyed. • Then the film is tinted. • After the tinting process, it is shaped to be incorporated into a lens, made from one of several choices of materials. After it is shaped the lens is suspended in the mold, and held in place by a gasket. • After the mold is filled the lenses are cured from as many as 48 hours resulting in a solid, one piece, construction. • From then on the process of finishing the product is fairly simple.

47. How Are They Made? Summarization: • Polarization is built by placing a matrix of crystals between two pieces of glass.  They are positioned so the entire lens acts like one large crystal that polarizes light in one direction.  This reduces scattered and reflected light dramatically.

48. FEATURES Filters glare Enhances contrast Reduces squinting Constant density tints Backside AR compatibility Tintable and coatable Lightweight Thin BENEFITS Reduces eyestrain, greater comfort Improves visual acuity, provides safety Eyes feel rested Realistic perception Reduces reflections and enhances visual clarity Certain lens materials can be darkened and provides limitless color options Comfortable Attractive-looking sunwear Advantages of Polarized Lenses

49. Who Uses Polarized Lenses? • In reality, polarized lenses are available to everyone, the catch is that not every person can afford them. • Fishermen use them to perceive more depth of water. • People who participate in winter sports such as skiing and snowboarding use them to reduce the glare from the sun and the snow.

50. Why Do Companies Not Offer Polarized Lenses? • Pilots have trouble with canopies and distortion fields • Cyclists have had bad experiences with visibility changes in polarized lenses. • During the manufacturing process, certain standards for sunglass making have to be met. In order to meet these standards with polarized polycarbonate, the companies would have to increase the price of sunglasses to above $300. Companies selling polarized sunglasses for under $200 are not giving their customers the best quality work.