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Ecological Succession

Ecological Succession. Primary and Secondary. What is it?. The normal GRADUAL (takes a long time) changes that occur in the types of species that live in an area. Ecological Succession.

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Ecological Succession

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  1. Ecological Succession Primary and Secondary

  2. What is it? The normal GRADUAL (takes a long time) changes that occur in the types of species that live in an area.

  3. Ecological Succession • There are two main types of succession, primary and secondary.Primary succession is the series of changes that take place when there is no soil present. For example, after a volcano or destroyed coral reef. Secondary succession is the series of changes that take place when there is soil present. For example, after a fire, hurricane, flood, destruction by man, or tornado.

  4. Which one do you think takes longer? Answer Primary Succession Why? The rocks need to break down to make the soil before new species will grow

  5. What Species Comes first? Pioneer Species These are the FIRST species to grow They can be different depending upon the area. Example: is it a forest, a pond, a wetlands….? AND- is it primary or secondary succession?

  6. What makes the difference between primary and secondary succession? The key is whether there is soil already present or does the soil need to be made from broken down rock

  7. Examples of Pioneer SpeciesPioneer- FIRST species to grow • Mosses

  8. Pioneer Species- FIRST Lichens-do not need soil to survive They can survive drought, extreme heat and cold, and other harsh conditions and start the soil building process.

  9. Lichens produce a weak acid that eats away at the rock and breaks it down into soil

  10. Pioneer Species- FIRST Algae- many types

  11. Second Stage Second plants to become established after the disturbance (taller grasses, small shrubs). Shrubs

  12. Third Stage- bushes • Third species to become established

  13. Fourth Stage- usually small trees; depends on ecosystem • Fourth species to become established

  14. Final Stage-Climax Community • Last species to appear; some say it isn’t really finished growing.

  15. Barren patch of land- just to see what can happen to a bare space!

  16. Same patch of land two years later

  17. Pond Succession- Primary or secondary? • Put the pictures in order B, C, A, then D.

  18. Disturbance- Forest Fire

  19. Within 2 weeks, small grasses and other plants will grow- soil is already present

  20. Second stage

  21. Third stage

  22. Full succession takes a VERY long time- could be 100’s of years. • Still second stage/some small trees appearing

  23. Succession in Action • RestoringEarth - Educating People

  24. When will the animal species return to the ecosystem? • You must consider what is needed for them to be able to live in the environment. • Animal species will not return until their needs can be met. • What do they need? A habitat that will provide them with sufficient food, water, a hiding place, etc.

  25. Choose your favorite disaster – how will succession occur? • A disturbance: • a forest fire • a volcano • a flood, • dried up pond • hurricane • tornado • abandoned ball field or tennis court • coral dying for lack of water

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