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Parikshit Verma

Modeling Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Mine Spoil Dumps. EIA and Sustainability Assessment – Asian EIA and Effective Tool Development Seol, Korea, June 5, 2007. Parikshit Verma. National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur.

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Parikshit Verma

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  1. Modeling Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Mine Spoil Dumps EIA and Sustainability Assessment – Asian EIA and Effective Tool Development Seol, Korea, June 5, 2007 Parikshit Verma National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur

  2. Barren Manganese Mine Spoil Dump

  3. After 10 years - Revegetated Manganese Mine Spoil Dump

  4. Phytoremediation • Use of plants / vegetation for in situ treatment of wastewater, contaminated soils or sediments. • Some plants shows the capability to withstand relatively high concentration of chemicals without toxic effects (Hyperaccumulators). Definitions / Terminology It is applied at sites with contamination of Organic Chemicals – BTEX, TNT, RDX, PCBs Nutrient – Ammonia, Phosphate, Nitrate Metal pollutants – Lead, Cadmium, Zinc, Arsenic, Chromium

  5. Chemical uptake and translocation in the plant body

  6. Unsaturated / Vadose zone

  7. Processes that takes place in the root zone

  8. Soil Water Partitioning

  9. Metal Uptake by Plant Root Michaelis and Menton Type of Reaction

  10. Plant Root Growth

  11. Saturated and Unsaturated Zone • Soil • Water • Soil • Air • Thin film of Water around soil particle

  12. Saturated and Unsaturated Zone • Residual Moisture • Saturation Moisture

  13. Moisture Retention Characteristics Curve

  14. Moisture flux in Unsaturated Zone Relationship between Soil Moisture and Suction Head is called Soil Moisture Retention Characteristics (MRC)

  15. Mathematical models used in the Metal Uptake model • Richards Equation • Water uptake by plant root • Metal uptake by plant root • Root growth with time • Plant root properties • Moisture Retention Characteristics (MRC) • Soil properties – Bulk Density, Clay content, Carbon content etc. • Pedotransfer Function • Soil Water Partition of pollutants • Hydrodynamic Dispersion • Moisture flux joining groundwater • Chemical species flux joining groundwater

  16. Pedotransfer Functions Expensive and time consuming • Bulk density • Clay content • Carbon content • Particle size distribution MRC Parameters θs, θr, n, m, α f

  17. Space – Time Domain of One Dimensional Transient Metal Uptake Model

  18. Computational Scheme Richard’s Equation descritized using Implicit scheme

  19. Applicability Techniques of Phytoremediation • – Other treatments are not cost effective • Very large sites • Low concentration of contaminants • Only polishing treatment is required • Where vegetation is used as final cap / site closure • Phyto-transformation • Rhizosphere Bioremediation • Phyto-stabilization • Phyto-extraction • Rhizo-filtration Limitations • Limited regulatory acceptance • Long duration of time for cleanup • Potential contamination of fodder crop and food chain

  20. Why Phytoremediation Model Software ? • Design of experiments to determine the parameters of sub-surface phenomenon. • Preparation of irrigation schedule for plantation on mine spoil dump. • Decision on harvesting time of plants. • Estimation of amount of heavy metal present in the plant.

  21. NEERI PHYTOREM Model Software Demonstration

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