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WELCOME’S YOU for Free computer course offered by Govt. of Tamil Nadu under SJSRY Scheme

WELCOME’S YOU for Free computer course offered by Govt. of Tamil Nadu under SJSRY Scheme. COURSE 1. HARDWARE BASIC HARDWARE IDENTIFICATION OF PARTS OF PC PARTS OF MOTHER BOARD ADD-ON –CARDS VARIOUS PHERIPERALS TYPES OF RAM COMMUNICATION PORTS PC ASSEMBLING. BIOS SETUP.

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WELCOME’S YOU for Free computer course offered by Govt. of Tamil Nadu under SJSRY Scheme

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  1. WELCOME’S YOU for Free computer course offered by Govt. of Tamil Nadu under SJSRY Scheme

  2. COURSE 1 • HARDWARE • BASIC HARDWARE • IDENTIFICATION OF PARTS OF PC • PARTS OF MOTHER BOARD • ADD-ON –CARDS • VARIOUS PHERIPERALS • TYPES OF RAM • COMMUNICATION PORTS • PC ASSEMBLING. • BIOS SETUP. • OS INSTALLATION • DEVICE DRIVERS INSTALLATION • SOFTWARE INSTALLATION • CD WRITING/PRINTING

  3. COMPUTER COMPUTER FULL FORM • Common • Operating • Machine • Particularly • Used for • Trade • Education and • Research • COMPUTER INVENTED BY • Charles Babbage (US)

  4. INTRODUCTION OF COMPUTER 1STGeneration Computer {1946-1955} • Very large size • Very slow • Very less program can be fed • It is made from Glass and valves • Hence it will get heated very fast • Its life time is very short • It requires high voltage • Very costly

  5. INTRODUCTION OF COMPUTER 2ndGeneration Computer {1956-1965} • The size of the computer is small when compared to 1st Generation Computer. • This has been made using Transistor. • We can use basic cobal language in this Computer. Models: IBM 1401, IBM 1602,CDC1604

  6. INTRODUCTION OF COMPUTER 3rdGeneration Computer {1966-1975} • These computer are made using IC (Integrated circuits). • It memory capacity is up to 4 MB • It accept high language. Models:IBM system / 360, 370, ICL 1900, 2000 series.

  7. INTRODUCTION OF COMPUTER 4th Generation Computer{1976-1985} • This computer has been made using chips, thousands of transistor are inbuilt in a chip. • It works very fast and the size also small, compared 3rd Generation Computer. • Its memory is up to 100 MB. MODELS: hp 3000, Apple II , VAX II

  8. INTRODUCTION OF COMPUTER 5th Generation Computer {1986-2009} • At present we are using 5th Generation Computer • Chip set is used here.

  9. I . Input unit (Key Board / Mouse) II. Output unit (Monitor/printer ) III. System unit – Processing data i. Core unit ii. Storage unit iii. Power unit MAIN PARTS OF COMPUTER

  10. SYSTEM UNIT • The main parts in System unit are : • 1. Core unit : (Mother Board, Processor, Ram ) • 2. Storage Unit: [a] Permanent storage - Hard disk  [b] Removable storage - CD-ROM,CD-R/W, DVD & Floppy Drive. 3. Power Unit : SMPS (Switch Mode Power • Supply) – For power supply.

  11. 1.CORE UNIT • MOTHERBOARD : • It contains the main pc circuit and chipset • PROCESSOR : • The processor which executes the program code and controls all other devices in PC. • MEMORY MODULES : • RAM is the working space for the processor and it executes the programs .

  12. MOTHER BOARD TYPES OF MOTHERBOARD • XT - 5+6=11PINS • AT - 6+6 =12PINS • ATX - 10+10=20PINS • MATX - 20+4=24PINS

  13. PROCESSOR • PROCESSOR IS BRAIN OF THE COMPUTER • THERE ARE TWO TYPES 1. SLOT TYPE (OR) CARD TYPE 2. SOCKET TYPE (OR) PIN TYPE

  14. PROCESSOR MANUFACTORS PENTIUM 8088 80286 80386 80486 PENTIUM PENTIUM PRO PENTIUM MMX PENTIUM I,II,III,IV AMD CELERON AMD ATHALON CELERON A AMD SEMPRON CELERON B AMD DURON CELERON C AMD XP CELERON D

  15. MEMORY MODULES • RAM : (Random Access Memory) • TYPES OF MEMORY MODULES : A]. S - RAM (Static RAM) B]. D - RAM (Dynamic RAM) • S- RAM : It is in-built in processor. it’s normally called as Cachee memory. Frequent works are stored in s-ram memory.

  16. MEMORY ROM PROM EPROM EDO CACHE L1,L2,L3 EEPROM SDRAM RD RAM DDR RAM

  17. D-RAM Types • D - RAM: There are four types of Dynamic RAM which depends upon the speed and capacity. • TYPES OF MEMORY MODULE : i. EDO RAM -Extended Data Out RAM ii. SD RAM - Synchronized Dynamic RAM iii. RD RAM -Ram bus Dynamic RAM iv. DDR RAM -Double Data Rate Dynamic RAM

  18. i .EDO - RAM EDO - EXTENTED DATA OUT RAM • Year:1995 • Pins :72, 30 • Speed : 33 MHz to 66 MHz, • Cut : Center cut(72),no cuts(30.) • Condition: Pair and Equal Order. Slot 2 should not be used instead of Slot 1

  19. EDO DRAM

  20. ii.SD-RAM SD (SYNCHRONIZED DYNAMIIC RAM) : • Year : 1996 • PIN : 168 Pins, • Speed : 66 to 200 MHz. • Capacity : 32 MB, 64 MB , 128 MB and 256 MB, Now available only up to 128 MB • Cuts : Centre and Corner Cut. • Condition : Nil

  21. SDRAM

  22. iii.RD RAM RD RAM [ Rambus Dynamic RAM] • Year : 1999 • Pin : 184 Pins • Speed : 800 MHz to 1600 MHz. • Capacity : 256 MB, 512 MB, 1 GB • Cuts : Two Center Cut. • Condition : Not used in single RAM but option is to use Crimm Stick .(Crimm Stick is a dummy stick). It is used to just close another slot.

  23. RD RAM

  24. iv.DDR RAM DDR RAM [ DOUBLE DADA RATE] • Year: 1999 to 2008 • Pin : 184 • Speed : 200 – 1333 MHz • Capacity : 128, 256, 512 MB, 1 GB and 2 GB • Cut : Center Cut • Condition: Ram speed should not exceed processor speed

  25. DDR RAM

  26. 2.STORAGE UNIT TYPES OF STORAGE DEVICES [a] Permanent storage : Hard drive The devices which stores the data and programs  [b] Removable storage : Floppy drive  Other drive :CDROM Drives, DVDROM, CD&DVD writer, Provides removable storage

  27. 3.POWER UNIT SMPS : (Switch Mode Power Supply) • It convert the voltage from 230 AC to 12 DC. • The module which supplies the DC power to the motherboard and all the units at the required voltages. • It contains Power connector - 12 volt DC. • Molex - 5 volt DC. • Mini Molex - 3 volt DC.

  28. PARTS OF MOTHER BOARD • 1.   Chip Set • 2.  Processor socket  • 3. Memory modules & slots. • 4.  Expansion slot • 5. Drive Connector • 6. BIOS Chip • 7.   CMOS Battery • 8. Front Panel • 9.  IO Port Connector • 10. Power Connector

  29. 1.CHIP SETS CHIP SETS : A chip set consists of a group of IC which are inbuilt in the board. Now we are using two types of Chip set. 1.North Bridge Chipset (or) Encouraging Chip • It is located in-between the Processor and RAM. It is called as System Control Chip (or) Memory Controller hub [MCH]. 2. South Bridge Chipset : It is located away from the processor. It is called as Peripheral control chip set (or) I/O controller hub[ICH] .

  30. 2.PROCESSOR SOCKET PROCESSOR : • It is the brain of computer, it execute the program codes and control all other devices. Types of processor socket : • 1) slot type - card type [old] • 2) socket type - pin type [new]

  31. PROCESSOR SOCKET Types of sockets : • DIP - Dual Inline Processor • LIF - Lower Insertion Force • ZIF - Zero Insertion Force [with lock]. • LGA - LAN Grid Array [Latest] MANUFACTURES: • Intel, AMD, Celeron.

  32. 3.MEMORY SLOTS SIMM SLOT- Single Inline Memory Model PINS - 72 PINS CUT - CENTER CUT USED RAM - EDO RAM

  33. DIMM SLOT- Dual Inline Memory model PINS - 168 CUT - CENTER & CORNER cut USED RAM - SD RAM

  34. RIMM SLOT- RAMBUS Inline Memory Model PINS - 184 CUT - TWO CENTER CUT USED RAM - RD RAM

  35. DDR DIMM - Double Data Rate Dual Inline Memory Model PINS - 184 PINS CUT - CENTER USED RAM - DDR RAM

  36. 4 . EXPANSION SLOTS ExpansionSlot : • It is used to fix the add on card. ADD ON CARDS : • In the latest Mother Board most of the cards are inbuilt in the Mother Board itself. If required, the following add on cards can be fixed in the motherboard.

  37. EXPANSION SLOTS TYPES OF EXPANSTION SLOTS :   • A. ISA slot - Industrial Standard Architecture. •   B. PCI slot - Peripheral Component Interface. •   C. AGP - Accelerated Graphics Port.           • D. PCIE X16 - Peripheral Component Interface Express* x 16.

  38. A . ISA SLOT ISA: Industrial Standard Architecture. • It is long and black in colour. • Pins - 98 • Speed - 8.3 MHz. • Capacity - 16 Bit • Non Plug and play

  39. B .PCI SLOT PCI : Peripheral Component Interface. • It is small and white in color. • Pins - 120 • Speed - 33.3 MHz • Capacity - 32 Bit • Plug and play

  40. C .AGP SLOT AGP : Accelerated Graphics Port. • It is long and Violet, brown in colour. • Pins - 124. • Speed - System speed. • Capacity - 64 bits. • Plug and play • Only Graphics card can be fixed

  41. D. PCIE*X16 SLOT PCIEX16 : PCI Express *x16. • This slots is used for display card recently introduced. • PCI x-16ver2.0 has faster bandwidth then the pervious version. • Advantage : faster and more reliable.

  42. 5 .DRIVE CONNECTOR DATA CABLES: Data cables are used to transfer data between two different devices. A. IDE Cable. B. FDD Cable. C. SCSI Cable. D. SATA Cable.

  43. A. IDE CONNECTOR IDE–Integrated Drive Electronics. • 40 pins connector (ATA) • Two connector in MBD four device can be connect with help of IDE cable • IDE- I (Primary) Connector. IDE-II (Secondary) Connector. • HDD, CD ROM, CD R/W, DVD can be connected.

  44. B.FDD CONNECTOR FDD : Floppy Disk Drive • 34 pin connector (17+17=34pins). • Only floppy can be connected. • Oneconnector in MBD two device can be connect with help of FDC cable.

  45. C .SCSI CONNECTOR SCSI CABLE : Small Component Standard Interface : • 50 pin connector (25+25=50 pins). • It is used in server only. • Capacity :160- 256 GB. • Data transfer rate 80 MBPS • SCS 1 – 1 : 1 to 7 Devices. • SCS 1 – 2 : 1 – 15 Devices. • SCS 1 – 3 : 1 – 31 Devices.

  46. D .SATA CONNECTOR SATA: Serial Advance Technology Attachment • 7 pin connector • It is used to connect only one device. • High capacity of Hard Disk can be connected. • Maximum no.of devices - 4 devices. • Capacity : 80 GB- 1500 GB. • Clamp side to be connect in motherboard and other side to be in HDD.

  47. 6 .BIOS CHIP [ROM] BIOS : BASIC INPUT OUTPUT SYSTEM Small software program codes are burnt into the Basic Input Output System. They are… 1. First boot device. 2. Floppy Drive Checking. 3. Virus warning. 4. RTC - Real Time and Clock 5. Processor Speed and Temperature.

  48. BIOS CHIP [ROM] • BIOS MANUFACTURERS : • AMI, AWARD, ALI ETC., • To go to BIOS set up, Press-DEL key or Press F2. • Types of BIOS Chip : • 1. OTP : PROM [One Time Programmer]. • 2. FLASH: EPROM,EEPROM ,FLASH • MEMORY. [Re programmer]

  49. BIOS CHIP [ROM] • PROM : Programmable Read only memory (once reprogrammed) • EPROM :Electrically programmable Read Only memory. Reprogrammed by using UV rays. • EEPROM : Electrically Erasable Programmable. Read Only Memory.Re programmable with software utility (DDO software). • FLASH MEMORY: Now the Mother Board are made with Flash Memory. Hence we can upgrade the software easily.

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