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Phase Converter Simulator AKA Voltron

Phase Converter Simulator AKA Voltron. Group 8 Anthony McCorvey Ronnie Lalchan Chris Beck George Thompson. Problem. The power companies are converting the old mechanical meters to Smart meters. Wireless Communication Accurate Readings KWH every hour Power Factor Connect/Disconnect

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Phase Converter Simulator AKA Voltron

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  1. Phase Converter SimulatorAKAVoltron Group 8 Anthony McCorvey Ronnie Lalchan Chris Beck George Thompson

  2. Problem • The power companies are converting the old mechanical meters to Smart meters. • Wireless Communication • Accurate Readings • KWH every hour • Power Factor • Connect/Disconnect • No jobs for meter readers • Hiring untrained contractors • Cheaper • Looking for a cost efficient method to train contractors

  3. Goals • To design a product that the power companies can use for their renovations • Cost efficient • Safe • User Friendly • Test and Train

  4. Design Requirements Hardware • Meter Cans • Potential Transformers • Variable Transformer • Toggle Switches/Relays • Fuses • Control Box

  5. Thinking about the Design • 2 Phase Configurations • Delta • Wye • Single Phase • Three Phase • How can we convert single phase to three phase? • Rotary motors etc • Too expensive • Defeats our goal • “Trick the Voltage” • That’s when Simulator was added to the name

  6. Meter Cans • (2) Three Phase Meter Cans • 2 Wire Delta • Junction Meter • 3 Wire Delta • 3 Wire Wye • LED Lights • (3) Single Phase Meter Cans • 2 Wire Delta • 3 Wire Delta • 3Wire Wye • LED Lights (Safety Precautions)

  7. Potential Transformers • 6 total potential transformers • 3 Step-down PT’s “Configuration” • 115:50 (Phase to Phase - Delta) and (Phase to Ground – Delta and Wye) • 115:80 (Stinger leg Delta) • 115:42 (Phase to Phase – Wye) • 3 Step-Up PT’s “Multiplier” • 2.4:1

  8. 115 50 11580 11542 S3 S3 S3 Variable Transformer Secondary Secondary Secondary Primary Primary Primary Step-Up PT Schematic

  9. Voltage Calculations • Phase to Ground for Wye and Delta (115:50) • 50 x 2.4 = 120 Volts • Power leg to Ground (Delta) (115:80) • 80 x 2.4 = 192 Volts • Specific to needs • Found a solution • Phase to Phase for Wye to Delta • Subtractive Polarity • Delta • 50 x 2.4 = 120 volts • Different terminals • 120 <0 – 120 <180 = 240 Volts • Wye (115:42) • 42 x 2.4 = 100.8 Volts • 100.8 <0 – 100.8 <180 = 201.6 Volts

  10. Control Box • Variable Transformer • 4 Fuses • (1) 5 Amps • (3) 2 Amps • ON/OFF switch • Safety Precautions • 5 toggle switches for selection of configuration • 3PDT

  11. Delta Switching Sequence

  12. Wye Switching Sequence

  13. Phase Converter Simulator Hardware 1

  14. Changing Switches to Relays • Mechanically changes configurations • Allows microcontroller to control switching • A lower voltage device can now control the voltages of the meter cans • Eliminates need for the user to know list of combinations

  15. Relays • -

  16. Schematic of Relay Connection

  17. Testing • Tested relays by realizing the schematic • For the microcontroller, we applied a steady voltage. • Connected to relays to microcontroller. • Replaced switched with relays.

  18. Building • First attempt: • Diode parallel with relay • Purpose: • Protect circuit from feedback current when relay switched • Diode shorted out the transistors • Solution: • Remove diode

  19. Building • Second attempt: • 1K resistor • Limited current to microcontroller • Too much impedance on breadboard • Switch to 100 ohms • Blew transistors 2n2222 • 2n2222 didn’t have a high enough rating • Solution: • Changed transistor to TIP120

  20. Software Objective • Create a Interface to compliment the Training Simulation • To allow the user to interact with the system. • To give a visual reference to the user of his or her actions • Control Relays for Configuration Purposes • Approve or Decline Users Certification

  21. Software Components • Microcontroller • Voltmeter Circuit • LCD Screen 2 line X 20 characters

  22. LCD System Flow Chart Push Button Voltmeter Circuit

  23. Switches to Switching Relays • Microcontroller changes configurations • Eliminates need for the user to know switch combination • Configurations can switch when required or prompted automatically

  24. LCD/system Code

  25. Voltmeter Circuit(Feedback) • Input Voltage (120-240) | • Probes | • Transformer | • Full Wave Rectifier w/ Capacitor | • Voltage Divider | • A/D converter(microcontroller) • Problems….

  26. A/D Converter

  27. PCB • 2 Layer PCB • .10” Traces • Ground Plane • Using PCB Express • Schematic • PCB Board

  28. Schematic

  29. PCB Board

  30. Microcontroller Vs. FPGA PIC16F876A ATmega168 FPGABasys

  31. ATmega168

  32. PIC16F876A

  33. FPGABasys

  34. Microcontroller Vs. FPGA • ATmega168

  35. Budget

  36. Budget Analysis

  37. Budget • Current Cost $550 • Development Budget $565 • Prototype Budget $725

  38. Thanks • Family • Faculty • Friends

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