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ULAANBAATAR CITY ’ S AIR POLLUTION – SOURCE APORTIONMENT - MANAGEMENT

ULAANBAATAR CITY ’ S AIR POLLUTION – SOURCE APORTIONMENT - MANAGEMENT. S.Lodoysamba, National University of Mongolia. Contents. Air pollution of Ulaanbaatar City, What is main sources of pollution, Management of mitigation of UB air pollution. Management of air pollution mitigation.

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ULAANBAATAR CITY ’ S AIR POLLUTION – SOURCE APORTIONMENT - MANAGEMENT

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  1. ULAANBAATAR CITY’S AIR POLLUTION – SOURCE APORTIONMENT - MANAGEMENT S.Lodoysamba, National University of Mongolia 0

  2. Contents Air pollution of Ulaanbaatar City, What is main sources of pollution, Management of mitigation of UB air pollution 1

  3. Management of air pollution mitigation • Starts from measurements, • Air pollution concentration, • Identification and apportionment of pollution sources, • Modeling, • Health impact study, • Air pollution mitigation scenarios, • Health benefit calculation • Planning a target, • Activity • Monitoring • Ends with measurement. 2

  4. Main Air Quality Indicators - Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) - Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) • PM (Particulate Matter) PM10 • PM 2.5 - Carbon Monoxide (CO) - Ozone (03)

  5. Particulate Matter Distribution

  6. Health Effect of PM

  7. Methodology • Position of sampler: UB City- Nuclear Research Center Zuun Ail 3 Horoolol • Duration: 2004.10 – 2009. 6 • Flow rate of sampler: 16 l/мin (18-14) • Height of sampling: 1.6м, 6m, 4m • Sampling frequency: Twice a week • Sampler: GENT Sampler with Polycarbonate filters • Type of analysis: PIXE • ВС measurement: Reflectometer • Number of samples: 400 (2004-2006) • Data interpretation was made using software EPA PMF1.1(USA) PIXE analysis were done in the New Zealand Institute of Geosciences and Nuclear Sciences, 30 elements are analysed

  8. Used samplers

  9. Projects • RCA/ IAEA PROJECT IMPROVED INFORMATION ABOUT URBAN AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT,RAS/7/013, 2004-2007 • CHARACTERIZATION AND SOURCE IDENTIFICATION OF PARTICULATE AIR POLLUTION IN THE ASIA REGION RAS/7/015, 2007-2010 • АГААРЫН ЧАНАР БА БОХИРДОЛЫНЗӨӨГДЛИЙГ СУДЛАХШинжлэх ухаан, технологийн сэдэв, 2006-2008 • АГААРЫН БОХИРДЛЫН ҮҮСГҮҮР, ТЭДНИЙ БОХИРДОЛД ОРУУЛЖ БУЙ ХУВИЙГ РМ2,5, РМ10 АРГААР ТОДОРХОЙЛОХ СУДАЛГААШинжлэх ухаан, технологийн сэдэв, 2009-2011 • TA - 7462 (MON) : ULAANBAATAR CLEAN AIR • 2010-2011 • Evaluation of Air pollution mitigation in Ulaanbaatar City and its Health Impact • 2012-2013 • Measuring and sharing PM2.5 through Social Media • 2013-2014 • ESTABLISHMENT OF AN AIR QUALITY MONITORINGAND HEALTH IMPACT BASELINE (AMHIB) FROM AIR POLLUTION IN ULAANBAATAR (UB) CITY, MONGOLIA.World Bank Contract 7146873, 2008-2009

  10. Sampling Sites

  11. PM10, PM2.5 Concentrations PM2.5 PM10

  12. PM 10 Concentration

  13. PM 10 Concentration Time Series

  14. PM 2.5 Concentration

  15. PM 2.5 Concentration Time Series

  16. Monthly Average Concentrations PM10 PM2.5

  17. Monthly Average Concentrations Average Concentration Measured Average Concentration Calculated

  18. Monthly Average Concentrations 350-900

  19. Polluted Ulaanbaatar 18

  20. 19

  21. 20

  22. Chemical Analysis Set-up Experimental setup of the New Zealand Institute of Geosciences and Nuclear Sciences

  23. PMF mass vs Gravimetric mass

  24. Elemental Concentrations (ng/m3)

  25. PM 2.5 PROFILES

  26. Mass Contribution PM2.5 (Example NRC)

  27. Pollution Source Apportionment

  28. Pollution Source Apportionment PM10

  29. Daily time Series of PM concentrations(Example TV site, GTZ station) Working days Weekend

  30. Toxic Elements 29

  31. Time Series of Toxic Elements

  32. Air Quality Index Ger Area UB Center UB

  33. Conclusion 1 • Main pollution sources are: • PM10- Soil erosion, Combustion, Motor vehichle, Biomass burning, • PM2.5- Coal combustion, Motor Vehicle+Road dust, Biomass burning, Soil • Ulaanbaatar is most polluted capital city of the world; • @ 50% of PM concentrations corresponds to ignition phase (cold start) and reloading of stoves; • There is presence of toxic elements: Hg, Ni, V, F, Cl, Br, As in the air; • Pb in the air is below the standard; • AQI is 82 (Moderate) in the Central area and more than 200(Very unhealthy) in the Ger areas;

  34. 33

  35. STOVE EMISSION AND EFFICIENCY TESTING LABORATORY 34

  36. Testing stoves 35

  37. Data acquisition system 36

  38. SEET Lab. Diagram 37

  39. Operator room

  40. Gases 39

  41. Temperature Measurements 40

  42. Particle Measurement 41

  43. MONGOL STOVE

  44. BLUD Mode of Mongol Stove

  45. MODIFIED MONGOL STOVE

  46. GTZ-7.5 STOVE

  47. Conclusion 2 • PM Emission can be reduced more than 99% using raw coal, • The PM emissions are so low that for much of the time the improved stove substantially cleans the ambient air that passes through it. The chimney gases are usually cleaner than the outdoor air.

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