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Introduction to Computers

Learn about the components of a computer system, the classification of computers, and the types of peripheral devices. Understand the different types of memory and the classification of software.

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Introduction to Computers

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  1. Introduction to Computers

  2. What is a Computer?

  3. Computer • Is a programmable electronic device that can store, retrieve and process data.

  4. What is a System?

  5. System • Is a combination of components working together.

  6. What is a Computer System?

  7. Computer System • Is a group of elements performing together to process data.

  8. Three Components of a Computer • Hardware – Refers to the physical components of the computer system • Software- is a computer program • Peopleware- Is the one who uses computer

  9. Classification of Computers • Mainframes • Minicomputers • Microcomputers

  10. Mainframes • Is large, expensive, very powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously. • These are characterized by large internal memory storage and a comprehensive range of software and peripheral equipment that may be connected.

  11. Mainframes

  12. Minicomputers • Is a class of multi-user computers that lies in the middle range of the computing spectrum, in between the largest multi-user system (mainframe computers) and the smallest single-user systems (microcomputers or personal computers). • Can support up to 4,000 connected users at the same time.

  13. Minicomputers

  14. Microcomputers • Is a computer with a microprocessor as its central processing unit. They are physically small compared to mainframe and minicomputers.

  15. Microcomputers

  16. Classification of Hardware • Peripheral Devices • Central Processing Unit • Mass Storage System

  17. Peripheral Devices • Is any external device attached to the central portion of the computer. • Examples: Keyboards, Monitors, printers, modem

  18. Central Processing Unit • Is that part of a computer that performs calculations and controls the other parts of the computer. • The “brain” of the computer

  19. Mass Storage System • Is where you put the data you need immediately at hand • Designed to hold megabytes and retrieve them

  20. Types of Peripheral Devices • Input Devices- are used to put data into your program such as keyboard, mouse, penlight, scanner and joystick • Output Devices- are used to display and generate information such as monitor, printer, and speaker • Input and Output Devices- are used both for entering data into and extracting data from a computer such as touch screen.

  21. Parts of the Central Processing Unit • Motherboard- is the printed circuit board in the computer system that holds the microprocessor, additional processor chips, the BIOS ROM, expansion slots, and the wires that composes the bus.

  22. Motherboard

  23. Parts of the Central Processing Unit • Memory- is the internal storage area in the computer

  24. Parts of the Central Processing Unit • CD ROM DRIVE

  25. Parts of the Central Processing Unit • DVD ROM Drive

  26. Parts of the Central Processing Unit • Hard Drive

  27. Parts of the Central Processing Unit • Floppy Drive

  28. Parts of the Central Processing Unit • Power Supply- is a supply electrical power

  29. Parts of the Central Processing Unit • CPU- or the processor is the portion of a computer system that carries out the instructions of a computer program, and is the primary element carrying out the computer’s functions.

  30. Parts of the Central Processing Unit • Computer fan- is any fan inside a computer case used for cooling purposes, and may refer to fans that draw cooler air into the case from the outside, expel warm air from inside, or move air across a heat sink to cool a particular component.

  31. Parts of the Central Processing Unit • Heat Sink- is a colloquial term for a component or assembly that transfers heat generated within a solid material to a fluid medium, such as air or liquid.

  32. Parts of the Central Processing Unit • Video Card- is an expansion card whose function is to generate and output images to a display.

  33. Parts of the Central Processing Unit • Modem- is a device that modulates an analog carrier signal to encode digital information, and also demodulates such a carrier signal to decode the transmitted information.

  34. Parts of the Central Processing Unit • Sound Card- is a computer expansion card that facilitates the input and output of audio signals to and from a computer under control of computer programs.

  35. Parts of the Central Processing Unit • Ribbon Cable- is a cable with many conducting wires running parallel to each other on the same flat pane.

  36. Types of Memory • RAM (Random Access Memory) – is also known as the main memory. You can both write data into and read data from RAM. - It is volatile, which means that it requires a steady flow of electricity to maintain its contents. -When the power is turned off, whatever data was in RAM is lost.

  37. Types of Memory • ROM (Read-only Memory) – cannot be written to . Computers almost always contain some read-only memory that holds instructions for starting up the computer.

  38. Classification of Software • System Software- is the software that controls application processing and hardware resources such as memory, disk space, and peripheral devices. • Application Software- is a program that is created to assist users with a specific task. Programs to perform word processing, manipulate spreadsheets, manage database, and communicate with other computers are some of the popular applications.

  39. Classification of Software's • Programming Language- is an artificial language designed to express computations that can be performed by a machine, particularly a computer.

  40. Types of System Software • Operating System- is the software on a computer that manages the way different programs use its hardware, and regulates the ways that a user controls the computer.

  41. Types of System Software • Utilities- is designed to help analyze, configure, optimize and maintain the computer. A single piece of utility software is usually called a utility or tool. - focuses on how the computer infrastructure (including the computer hardware, OS, application software and data storage) operates.

  42. Types of Application Software • Wordprocessor • Spreadsheet • Database Management System • Graphics • Desktop Publisher • Games • Educational • Accounting Package

  43. Wordprocessor

  44. Spreadsheet

  45. Database Management System

  46. Graphics

  47. Desktop Publisher

  48. Educational

  49. Accounting Package

  50. Types of Programming Languages according to generation: • First Generation Language-Machine Language • Second Generation Language- Assembly Language • Third Generation Language- Basic, Pascal, C, COBOL, Fortan • Fourth Generation Language- SQL, PowerBuilder • Fifth Generation Language- Visual C++, Delphi, VB, Visual FoxPro

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