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Delhi Sultanate

Delhi Sultanate. Interaction Between Hinduism and Islam. After the Guptas . Four regions “First contact” 711 Umayyad Dynasty 800s and 900s Turks gain control in Iran. Mahmud of Ghazni. Raided Northern India Plunder (constant) Seized northwest India Hindus “Protected people”

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Delhi Sultanate

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  1. Delhi Sultanate Interaction Between Hinduism and Islam

  2. After the Guptas • Four regions • “First contact” • 711 • Umayyad Dynasty • 800s and 900s • Turks gain control in Iran

  3. Mahmud of Ghazni • Raided Northern India • Plunder (constant) • Seized northwest India • Hindus • “Protected people” • Local chiefs and rajas left in place

  4. Turks gain more control • Early 1200s • Gain control of Northern India • Leader assassinated • General takes over – Establishes Delhi Sultanate

  5. Delhi Sultanate • Gov’t is moved to Delhi • Separate from Turkish government in Iran (Mahmud) • Will last three centuries • Five dynasties • Holds off four Mongol attacks • Turks • Steppe warfare

  6. Interaction between Indians and Muslims • Islam and Buddhism • Very hostile • Buddhism was seen as competitive • Actively seeking converts • Temples and Universities destroyed • Buddhists displaced • SE Asia, Nepal

  7. Hinduism and Islam • Islam • Strictly monotheistic • Egalitarian • No priests • No one comes between you and your god • Ate beef • Hinduism • Multiple deities • Hierarchical • Priestly caste • Serves as intermediary • Popular level: • Sexual Art and Expression

  8. Al-Biruni of Mahmud’s court, ca. 1030 • Wrote this about barriers between Islam and Hinduism • “They totally differ from us in religion, as we believe in nothing in which they believe and vice versa. On the whole, there is very little disputing about theological topics among them; at the utmost they fight with words, but they will never stake their soul or body or property on religious controversy….They call foreigners impure and forbid having any connection with them, be it by intermarriage or any kind of relationship, or by sitting, eating, and drinking with them, because thereby, they think, they would be polluted.”

  9. Islam and Hinduism • Initially, extremely hostile • Mahmud of Ghazni and raids • Eventually • Hindus Protected People • Muslims inserted in ruling caste • Muslims were far from peaceful

  10. Islam and Hinduism • A lot of benefits • New rulers wanted manual labor • Opportunities • Islamic rulers made India much stronger • Some blending of culture • Veiling of women

  11. Sikhism • Monotheistic • God did not distinguish between Muslims and Hindus • Reject caste system • Still believed in reincarnation • Forbade alcohol • Men did not cut their hair • Reject Idol worship

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