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Present Participles

Present Participles. Verbs being used as adjectives. Present Active Participles. Participles come in all three tenses (present, perfect, and future) and both voices (active and passive) The boy, running to the city, was happy. Which word in this sentence is the participle?

xandra-everett
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Present Participles

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  1. Present Participles Verbs being used as adjectives

  2. Present Active Participles • Participles come in all three tenses (present, perfect, and future) and both voices (active and passive) The boy, running to the city, was happy. • Which word in this sentence is the participle? • What is happening first, the boy being happy or the boy running to the city? • At the same time!

  3. Present Participles in Latin How to identify, form, and translate

  4. Form • The stem of the participle comes from the second principal part of the verb without the infinitive ending: laudare laud monēre  mon regere  reg audire  aud

  5. Connecting Vowels • The connecting vowels for the present participles are the same as the imperfect tense: laud + a  lauda mon + e  mone reg + e  rege aud + ie  audie

  6. Endings • Since participles are used in the sentence as adjectives, they will use adjective endings. • Present Participles will use third declension endings • To our stem + vowel, we will add –ns (for the nominative) and –ntis (for the genitive): lauda laudans, laudantis mone  monens, monentis rege  regens, regentis audie  audiens, audientis

  7. Adding other endings • You can add any ending from the third declension in any gender to the stem of a present participle • The stem is the genitive without the –is . . . we will add to whatever is left (let’s try –es): laudantis  laudant + es  laudantes monentis  monent + es  monentes regentis  regent + es  regentes audientis  audient + es  audientes

  8. Translating • Present participles will agree with their nouns in case, number, and gender • The best translation is ‘_____ing’ puer currens ad urbem laetus erat. The boy, running to the city, was happy.

  9. Summary • Present participles happen the same time as the main verb • Their stem comes from the second principal part • They use only third declension endings • They agree with their noun in case, number, and gender • They are best translated as ‘_____ing’

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