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Challenges and Changes in the Movement

Challenges and Changes in the Movement. Section 29-3 pp. 923-929. African Americans Seek Greater Equality. Problems in the North De Facto Segregation: Based on practices and customs Hard to eliminate De Jure Segregation: Legal Segregation. African Americans Seek Greater Equality.

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Challenges and Changes in the Movement

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  1. Challenges and Changes in the Movement Section 29-3 pp. 923-929

  2. African Americans Seek Greater Equality • Problems in the North • De Facto Segregation: • Based on practices and customs • Hard to eliminate • De Jure Segregation: Legal Segregation

  3. African Americans Seek Greater Equality • Problems in the North • Decaying urban neighborhoods • Poor Schools • High Unemployment

  4. Nation of Islam • Led by Elijah Muhammad • Advocated black nationalism • Black pride • Economic independence

  5. New Leaders Voice Discontent • Malcolm X • Leader in Nation of Islam • Advocated black nationalism • Rejected integration and nonviolence • Use violence to defend selves

  6. New Leaders Voice Discontent • Malcolm X • Leaves Nation of Islam • Pilgrimage to Mecca changes views • Advocated integration • Supported nonviolence • Assassinated in 1965

  7. New Leaders Voice Discontent • Black Power • Led by Stokley Carmichael • Based on militancy, self-reliance, independence, and nationalism

  8. New Leaders Voice Discontent • Black Panthers • Demanded immediate equality • Patrolled urban neighborhoods • Provided healthcare and education • Violent tactics alienated whites

  9. 1968: A Turning Point in Civil Rights • Dr. King shot in April 1968 • Led to riots in cities nationwide • RFK shot June 1968 • Strong supporter of civil rights

  10. Legacy of the Movement • Kerner Commission • Violence in cities caused by white racism • Successes • Civil Rights Act of 1968 • Banned segregation in public facilities • Greater voting rights

  11. Legacy of the Movement • Failures • White Flight • Unemployment • Affirmative Action • Special efforts to hire or enroll minorities

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