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The Joining of Behaviorist and Psychologist for the A dult Educator

The Joining of Behaviorist and Psychologist for the A dult Educator. By: Lisa Ramirez. How P eople Learn.

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The Joining of Behaviorist and Psychologist for the A dult Educator

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  1. The Joining of Behaviorist and Psychologist for the Adult Educator By: Lisa Ramirez

  2. How People Learn Instructional Designers must have an understanding on how people learn in order to produce methods of delivering information to the learners. People learn through 2 different approaches; behavior and cognitive, and no one should be looked at more considering they both have big impacts on the way individuals think.

  3. Learning through Behavior According to Behaviorist, people’s experiences leads them to changes in behavior, which results to learning. The unexpected plays an essential role in learning.

  4. Learning through Cognition According to Psychologists people learn through experiences that lead to a change in their mental representations and associations.

  5. B.F. Skinner Burrhus Frederic Skinner is an educational behaviorist, and his entire system is based on Operant Conditioning. Skinner believed that a person’s reinforcement to their behavior will determine the probability of that same behavior occurring again in the future.

  6. Operant Conditioning * Skinner modified the beliefs of Behaviorism to fit his own discoveries , which is known as “Operant Conditioning”. * “Operant” refers to organisms operating in their environment by performing actions that change the environment around them for better or worse. * “Conditioning” is the scientific phrase for learning

  7. Operant Conditioning Operant Conditioning is based on the idea that a person’s or animal’s actions will usually have a consequence to them. A behavior will usually be repeated depending on its reinforcement. The consequence of a given action will either reinforce the behavior or it will not.

  8. Psychologist: Benjamin Bloom Benjamin Bloom, an educational psychologist, came up with Taxonomy of the Cognitive Domain in 1956. Bloom believed that learning at a higher level is dependent on attaining knowledge and skills at a lower level. Each level in his Taxonomy of the Cognitive Domain is built on the one below.

  9. Taxonomy of the Cognitive Domain Bloom’s Taxonomy refers to a guide students can use through their learning process. It involves six different levels which move to the lowest order processes to the highest; Knowledge, Comprehension, Application, Analysis, Synthesis, and Evaluation.

  10. Six Levels of the Cognitive Domain *Evaluation: Able to make judgments on information by presenting and defending opinions. *Synthesis: Combine information together to create something new. *Analysis: Examine and break down information into sections to understand the material. *Application: Ability to pertain learned information to new and concrete contexts. *Comprehension: Demonstrate understanding of new materials by organizing, translating, describing, and stating main ideas of the information. *Knowledge: Recall previously learned materials by remembering facts, terms, basic concepts, and answers.

  11. The Joining of Behavior and Cognition for Learning Operant Conditioning impacts teaching/training learners in the adult education. In order to provide proper information needed for the adult learner(s), an instructional designer must: *Keep in mind their previous knowledge on the material *Know what techniques worked and did not work for them. An adult educator can have a better understanding of the material once they: *Know what strategies to use in fully comprehending the material *If a certain technique did not help them they will clearly not use it again. They will stick to what works best for them. The Taxonomy of the Cognitive Domain impacts teaching/training learners in the adult education. In order for an adult learner to fully understand the material they must be able to: *Recall previously learned material provided by the instructional designer. *Understand previous material along with new material. *Relate both old and new material. *Analyze all information and understand the material. *Combine information to form something new *Be able to present and defend the learned material.

  12. The Joining of Behavior and Cognition for Learning Both of these theories are important for the adult educator. They are able to learn through their previous behavior experiences on what strategies to use or not use when learning information, as well as for the trainer themselves by knowing what techniques work best in teaching the information to the adult education environment. Not only do adults learn through behavior, but through their cognitive domain as well. In order to know whether they fully understand the material presented to them they must be able to cover all 6 levels of processes from lowest to highest. Adult Learning Theory

  13. Work Cited • Boerre, G. (1998). Retrieved 2006 from http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/skinner.html • Brown, A., Green, D. T. (2006). The Essentials of Instructional Design. Connecting Fundamental Principals with Process and Practice. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. • Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia. (2009, June 27). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxonomy_of_Educational_Objectives

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