WiMAX

1. WiMAX By Assad Saleem

2. Wireless Communication Standards • Personal Area Network (PAN) • Local Area Network (LAN) • Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

3. Personal Area Network • IEEE 802.15.4 (ZigBee) • IEEE 802.15.1.1a (Bluetooth) • IEEE 802.15.3.a (Ultra-Wide Band or Bluetooth Future)

4. Local Area Network • IEEE 802.11a • IEEE 802.11b • IEEE 802.11g

5. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) • WiMAX • IEEE 802.16d (Fixed) • IEEE 802.16e (Mobile) • Cellular Communications Standards • 3GPP Based (GSM, GPRS, EDGE, WCDMA, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, SAE/LTE) • 3GPP2 Based (cdmaOne, cdma2000-1XRTT, 1xEV-DO, Rel-A, Rel-B, Rel-C)

6. Standards Organization • IEEE • 3GPP • 3GPP2 • IETF • WiMAX Forum • OMA • FMC • ETSI • ETSI TISPAN

7. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) • WiMAX • IEEE 802.16d (Fixed) • IEEE 802.16e (Mobile) • Cellular Communications Standards • 3GPP Based (GSM, GPRS, EDGE, WCDMA, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, SAE/LTE) • 3GPP2 Based (cdmaOne, cdma2000-1XRTT, 1xEV-DO, Rel-A, Rel-B, Rel-C)

8. Evolution of Standards

9. What is the Cause of Evolution

10. Demand for High Data Rates • High Data Rates:- (DL 46 Mbps, & UL 14 Mbps in 10 MHz channel) • Due to MIMO, flexible sub-channelization, advanced coding & modulation

11. Scalability in Channelization • 1.25 MHz Channel Bandwidth • 5 MHz Channel Bandwidth • 10 MHz Channel Bandwidth • 20 MHz Channel Bandwidth

12. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) • WiMAX • IEEE 802.16d (Fixed) • IEEE 802.16e (Mobile) • Cellular Communications Standards • 3GPP Based (GSM, GPRS, EDGE, WCDMA, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, SAE/LTE) • 3GPP2 Based (cdmaOne, cdma2000-1XRTT, 1xEV-DO, Rel-A, Rel-B, Rel-C)

13. 1st Generation of Telecommunication Systems • Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) • Developed and introduced in North America in early 1980’s • Operates in 800-MHz band • 821 to 849 MHz for upstream and • 869 to 894 MHz) for downstream • Total Access Communication Services (TACS) • European version of AMPS • operates in 890 to 915 MHz • 890-915 for upstream and • 935-960 MHz for downstream.

14. AMPS/TACS • These systems were narrow band and analog.

15. 2nd Generation Of Telecommunication Systems • 2G was a major advancement over 1G • Used digital radio technology • Enabled to Use better multiplexing techniques, • Enabled to digitize voice to increase spectral efficiency. • Offered superior voice quality • Offered better radio resource utilization over 1G

16. GSMYear 1992 • 2G Used digital radio technology deployed worldwide except Japan

17. 2.5 Generation of Telecommunication Systems • Internet’s fast growth triggered demand for data services • CS GSM offered data services by adding • SGSN • GGSN • Offered 128 Kbps of data service but not essentially faster services

18. 2.75 Generation Telecommunication Systems • EDGE, an enhanced version of GPRS • Used 8PSK at high & GMSK at lower data rates • Provided data rates of up to 384 Kbps • 2.5G+ strived to enhance per-user data rates over 2G • But demand for even higher data rates was there • It triggered the formation of 3GPP to work on 3G

19. 2.75 Generation Telecommunication Systems • EDGE Year 2002 Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution • EDGE was the final evolution in GSM • Demand for even higher data rates lead to form 3G and 3GPP • Deployed worldwide except Japan

20. Evolution at a Glance • 2G • GSM, GPRS, and EDGE were standardized by ETSI • Transferred to 3GPP for maintenance • 3GPP updates specifications in the form of releases • 3G • Release ’99 was the first release to provide basic 3G standard • Followed by Release 4 • Release 5 • Release 6 • Release 7 and recently • Release 8 • B3G • 3.5 G and • 3.9 G (HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, evolved HSPA, and currently SAE/LTE) • 4G • No clear Definition of 4G

21. Advanced Wireless Communications • Support MAN, WAN, wireless local-loop application, and 4G wireless telephony • Provide high data rate, MIMO services • Efficient use of available spectrum and bandwidth • Tolerant to channel distortion and multipath

22. WiMAX • WiMAX is a Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) • Based upon Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexed (OFDM) signaling • Software Radio Prototyping Components are available to support applied research of OFDM signaling and MIMO system performance.

23. WiMAX • WiMAX is a standard: • For Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access • It is based on IEEE 802.16 Standards • WiMAX is a Technology • to provide broadband applications in more optimized way compared to existing wireless technologies

24. WiMAX • Specified for • Non line-of-sight connectivity • Access within the range of 50 Km • Frequency Bands from 2 GHz to 11GHz • Applications • Replacement for DSL; potentially less expensive while providing higher bandwidth • Suitable for multimedia and faster internet accessibility

25. WiMAX • WiMAX has two Flavors • 802.16d (Not Forward Compatible) • 802.16e 802.16m • Fixed/Portable/ Nomadic WiMAX is expected to deliver • 40 Mbps in 3-10 Km cell • Last mile broadband connections • Hotspots and Cellular backhaul • OFDM • Mobile WiMAX is expected to deliver • 5 Mbps in 1.3-3 Km cell • Vehicular speeds > 120 km/hr • NLOS • OFDMA • 802.16j is another Standard for Multi-hop relay

26. Fixed/Mobile Scenario

27. Where Does WiMAX Play? • Small and Large Enterprises • Public Network • Residential Broadband • Portable, Nomadic and Mobile Access • Wireless Backhaul • Hot Spot

28. What is WiMAX Forum (WF)? • Established April 2001 • Sponsors IEEE & ETSI (HiperMAN) • Members >500 companies (as of Oct 26 ‘07) • Service Providers • Equipment Vendors • Device Vendors • Semiconductor

29. Objectives of WF • Support FIXED & MOBILE access • Ensure Interoperability/Certification • Resolve Regulatory Issues • Facilitate Roaming Agreements

30. WiMAX • WiMAX is the acronym for “Worldwide for Microwave Interoperability Access” • IEEE standard for Broadband Wireless MAN Access, referred as IEEE 802.16 • IEEE approved its first version in 2001 which was later published in year 2002 • An alternative solution to the existing DSL, cable, and T1/E1 technology for the last mile access

31. WiMAX would Win or Loose? • i.e. Would it become a Broadband Mobile Wireless Standard??? vs

32. WiMAX MAY Win Why? 7 Reasons of WiMAX Success

33. 1. Early Time to Market Vs Contending Technologies • “Early” Time to Market because • Got ready made PHY from IEEE. • Aggressive efforts of Intel, etc.

34. 2. Operator’s willingness towards Deployments • Some established operators will use WiMAX as a Complimentary Solution for broadband evolution & for off-loading traffic on existing network e.g. Sprint, USA • Some have already Deployed (e.g. Korea, Pakistan-Pre Commercial Service) • Some have completed and some are doing Field Trials (e.g., USA, Europe, Japan) • Some aggressive ones are not Discouraged by difficulties e.g. Spectrum Issues in Japan • Some established operators will use WiMAX for Data only e.g. KDDI, Japan

35. 3. WiMAX is Cost Effective • WiMAX is based on IEEE standard • IEEE has RAND Policy that ensures fair IPR licensing practices. It reduce royalties • WiMAX is interoperable • Well Planned Strategy of WiMAX forum right from the start, as opposed to Wi-Fi • WiMAX is Adopted by ETSI • It makes it adoption global and ensure economies of scale thus lower cost low. • WiMAX Operates on IP Platform • Substantially reduces operating/capital cost • WiMAX is a Dedicated Data Network (contrast to Mobile Networks) • It has enough capacity and spectrum for high speed data services at affordable rates • WiMAX Spectrum is also expected to be significantly lower in price. • 55% operators believe WiMAX a lower cost of delivery compared to 3G In most cases, • CPE will be user-funded. • Thus Mobile WiMAX systems are expected to come in at 10% the cost per bit of CDMA. • TelecomView’ shows that ROI for WiMAX is 2-3 times better than 3G technologies

36. 4. WiMAX is attractive option for Green Field Operators • • Mobile WiMAX System is ideal for green field operators • Built from scratch • Free from issues like legacy/backward compatibility • Attractive for developing and under served markets • 50% of countries still have GSM (GPRS not deployed yet) • Sprint still have EvDO Rev-0 (and is behind Verizon) • Wateen in Pakistan, a green field operator decided to deploy WiMAX

37. 5. Superior Performance • Simulations show that • WiMAX has better Spectral Efficiency (More than two times)

38. 5. Superior Performance • Simulations show that • WiMAX has better Performance than existing cellular systems • Number of Required Base Stations • Lower path loss • Better penetration • Lower Doppler shift Better mobility • Low complexity in design interference immunity • Less weather-induced impairments • Higher transmit powers

39. 6. WiMAX has Booming market demand

40. 7. Some Other Factors • Removal of a Threat from 802.20 (Suspension of 802.20 on June 20th 2006) • Plug & Play (Easy Installation) • WiMAX does not require a truck roll in installation and operation of CPE • Easy installation reduces CPE cost (“zero cost” over the time)

41. WiMAX May Not Win? Why? 7 Reasons of WiMAX Failure

42. 1. Existing 3G Investments • Some Operators are Reluctant because of Existing • Multi-billion dollars investments in 2G/3G • Particularly those who have gone far in advanced 3G • E.g. Deployed HSPDA • Additional site acquisition and construction costs considerations

43. 2. Evolution of 3G • The main competition is from SAE/LTE • Had WiMAX been developed a few years earlier, it had been a sure success. • In fact development of WiMAX actually triggered 3G Evolution • WiMAX triggered both camps to have aggressive and competitive time schedule. • In absence of WiMAX, 3G operators might have further delayed introduction of 4G until 2012-2015

44. SAE/LTE HSPA/HSPA+ HSDPA EvDO Rev-A EvDO REV B EvDO REV C 3. Varity of Options • Though WiMAX is less costly, availability of large number of options may increase the bargaining capacity of operators to get reduction in the equipment price

45. 4. Spectrum Issue (Source WiMAX Forum)

46. 4. Spectrum Issue • 2.5 GHz is not internationally available • Licensed 3.5 GHz:, • though widely available internationally, • but suffers from huge inconsistencies in different countries • e.g., in the pricing, regulations, bandwidth and • conditions attached to those licenses • 5GHz • attractive for many Applications because it allows higher power output (4 Watts), but • Mobility feature becomes less attractive in higher spectrum

47. 4. Spectrum Issue • Lack of sufficient Spectrum availability across the Globe • May hinder 802.16e to become a global mobile standard. • May block WiMAX efforts to take an important place in 4G

48. 5. Formation of WMC • • Formation of WMC may split WiMAX world into two • The WiMAX-802.16e and • The WiBro (Pre-WiMAX) • The activities of the WMC may conflict with those of the WiMAX Forum in • Technology and • Regulatory improvements • WMC may create a large island of Wi-Bro deployments. This may cause • Limited roaming and interoperability capabilities with WiMAX-802.16e. • Serious delay in achieving global roaming and harmonization around full 802.16e.

49. 6. Difficulties of Ensuring Seamless Mobility • Difficulties of ensuring seamless portability or mobility across network

50. 7. Absence of content and applications • Absence of content and applications